แผนฉุกเฉินเสร็จแล้ว คน, เครื่องมืออุปกรณ์ พร้อมแล้ว จะเริ่มจัดซ้อมอย่างไร ? ควรเลือกการซ้อมวิธีใด จึงจะเหมาะสมกับ ความต้องการขององค์กร ? องค์กรของเราต้องการอะไรจากการซ้อม ครั้งนี้ ? ควรเลือก, กำหนด, และเขียนสถานการณ์ การซ้อมอย่างไร ? ทำอย่างไรจึงจะมีคนมาช่วยจัดการซ้อม ? ทำอย่างไรจึงจะรู้ว่าการซ้อมของเราประสบ ความสำเร็จหรือไม่ ?

ObjectiveObjective

1. Assess needs 2.Define Scope 3.Write a Statement of Purpose 4.Define Objectives 5.Compose a Narrative 6.Write major & detailed event 7.List Expected Actions 8. Prepare message

Begin with your plan Lesson learned Needs assessment results What do we want? What did we learn? What do we have?

Begin with your plan review of the emergency plan and should address: Hazard Area(s) most vulnerable Functions most in need of rehearsal Potential participants Past exercises Exercise requirements Capabilities

an obvious starting point is the evaluations of past exercises: Who participated in the exercise and who did not? To what extent were the exercise objectives achieved? What lessons were learned? What problems were revealed, and what is needed to resolve them? What improvements were made following past exercises, and have they been tested?

Needs Assessment Results Reveal the following types of issues if they exist: Primary and secondary hazards that the organization faces Problems that need to be resolved Problems that recur Skills that need to be practiced Functions that are weak

Improvements implemented after previous exercises, which now need to be tested New facilities, personnel, or equipment that have not been included in an exercise Weaknesses (such as gaps, conflicting policies, or vague procedures) in the emergency plan or the SOPs The need for role clarification The need for a certain type of exercise Needs Assessment Results

2. Define the Scope Why Define the Scopes? How is Scope Determine? What dose Scope include?

How is Scope Determined? Factors that help define the scope of an exercise include: Expense. Availability of personnel and other resources. Seriousness of the problem. Capability of the exercise to address the problem. Skills and experience of the designers. Length of the exercise.

Type of emergency Location Function Participation Exercise type Hazard?Hazard? Where?Where? Who?Who? Jobs? RequirementRequirement

The purpose statement is a broad statement of the exercise goal. Developing the purpose statement… Using the purpose statement as an Exercise directive… This exercise will test…function, agencies, type, location, date-time, contact person, tel. number

An objective is a description of the performance you expect from participants to demonstrate competence. Objectives go hand in hand with the purpose statement but are more specific and performance based.

Essential in exercise process: design, conduct, evaluation, follow up PurposeStatementPurposeStatement

Action-Condition-Standard(or level) of Performance “ Who should do What under what condition according to what standards ”

Within 15 minutes After the evacuation notice is given, Member of EOC Will complete notification procedure to hospital administrator StandardStandard ConditionCondition Who? Specific action

Objective: Demonstrate the adequacy of displays and other materials to support emergency operations.

An exercise is a scenario that simulates an emergency. Part of this scenario is the narrative, which is a brief description of the events that have occurred up to the minute the exercise begins. The narrative has two important functions. MoodMood StageStage

one to five paragraphs long. very specific. phrased in present tense. short sentences to lend immediacy and tension. May develop the situation chronologically (event with warning time). May emphasize the emergency environment.

สถานการณ์ ท่านเป็นผู้รับผิดชอบสถานการณ์ภัย พิบัติของพื้นที่ ได้รับรายงานเหตุการณ์น้ำ ท่วม โคลนถล่ม มีผู้บาดเจ็บจำนวนมาก กำลังดำเนินการส่งต่อมายังโรงพยาบาล ขณะเดียวกันฝนยังตกอย่างต่อเนื่อง ระดับ น้ำในแม่น้ำที่อยู่ข้างโรงพยาบาลสูงขึ้น เรื่อยๆ น้ำเริ่มรั่วซึมเข้าโรงพยาบาล การจราจรเริ่มลำบากรถเล็กผ่านเข้าออก ยาก ถ้าสถานการณ์ยังเป็นเช่นนี้อีก ๖ ชั่วโมง ระดับน้ำจะสูงขึ้นอีกเท่าตัว มีผู้ เสนอให้อพยพโรงพยาบาล – ท่านมีข้อพิจารณาอย่างไร ? – ท่านจะตัดสินใจอย่างไร ?

Narrative Outline

Writing a play: …Acts & Scenes Writing Exercise events:…Major & Detailed events Player thinks it is a Problem..not a Simulated scenario Developing Major Events Major events are big problems resulting from the emergency.

the actions or decisions that you want participants to carry out to demonstrate competence. necessary to identify expected actions to: – Write messages. – Determine what should be evaluated.

Expected actions are a breakdown of objectives - the actions that would be taken by an organization or an individual to meet the objective. Expected actions are closely tied to objectives. Objectives state general desired actions.

Messages are used to communicate detailed events to exercise participants. To evoke a response: action, decision that meet objective input prescript messages: controller, facilitator

Transmitting message: radio, phone, note, etc. Credibility Relationship to Expected Actions Message variable: Who, How, What, To whom Message example

Message format Spontaneous message: unexpected response from player, improvise message may be used To: From: Method: Date, Time…. Content: