(Mobile Biomass Briquetting in Sudan) Mobile Briquette for Thailand ประเทศไทยเป็นประเทศเกษตรกรรมมีวัสดุเศษเหลืออาทิเช่น เหง้ามันสำปะหรัง ต้นข้าวโพด ซังข้าวโพด เศษไม้ปลายไม้ ซึ่งถูกเผาทิ้งในแต่ละปีประมาณ 30 ล้านตัน สามารถนำมาผลิตแท่งเชื้อเพลิงชีวภาพ(Biomass Briquette) ใช้ทดแทนพลังงานฟอสซิลซึ่งต้องนำเข้าจากต่างประเทศเป็นจำนวนมาก น้ำท่วมใหญ่ปีนี้คาดว่ามีเศษวัสดุชีวมวล(Biomass)ถูกทิ้งเป็นขยะไม่น้อยกว่า10ล้านตัน ถ้ารัฐบาลมีนโยบายตั้งโรงงานผลิตแท่งเชื้อเพลิงแบบเคลื่อนที่ก็จะเกิดการจ้างงานและรายได้แก่ประชาชนทั่วประเทศ (Mobile Biomass Briquetting in Sudan)

http://web1.fnsyrus.com/upload/ResearchCenter/files/22519-2009-06-12-8164.pdf

(http://portal. settrade (http://portal.settrade.com/brokerpage/IPO/Research/upload/2000000148522/BANPU%20update%2011-11-10.pdf)

http://portal. settrade http://portal.settrade.com/brokerpage/IPO/Research/upload/2000000156625/Commodity%20Focus%2028%20Mar%2011.pdf

(Biomass Briquetting in Sudan: A Feasibility Study)

Product Description Biomass Briquette investment is a best project to generate revenue from agro-forestry waste and to produce Green Energy to protect the global environment. The awareness of using Eco-friendly & Non-conventional Bio-coal / Bio-fuel is increasing day-to-day due to the increasing of the conventional fuel cost. This Complete Charcoal Briquette Machine can make stick shape wood briquette of different diameter and different shape from biomass and agro-forest waste. Any type of Agro-Forestry waste can be used, such as Groundnut-shell, Sugarcane residue, Saw dust, Coffee Husk, Paddy Straw, Sunflower Stalk, Cotton Stalks, Tobacco waste Mustard Stalk, Jute waste, Bamboo Dust, Tea waste, Wheat Straw, Palm husk, Soybeans husk, Rice Husks, Forestry wastes, Wood Chips and many other Agro wastes. But the Moisture Content Should be Less than 12%, grain size is below 5*5mm. http://www.made-in-china.com/showroom/chinamachines/product-detailgbqQLfozeE... 21/10/2552

Specifications of wood briquette: Unit weight ca 1000 kg/m3 Moisture content ca 10% Energy content ca 4.7 kWh/kg Ashes ca 0.7%/kg Energy density of various fuels (GJ/m3): Dry firewood 6.5 GJ Peat briquettes 15 GJ Wood briquettes 18 GJ Coal 19.5 GJ http://www.alibaba.com/product-tp/103396842/WOOD_BRIQUETTES.html

For example parameters of fuel briquettes made by extrusion from sawdust in Ukraine: Parameter Value Briquette density, t/m3 1,0-1,2 Heat content, kilocalories/kg 4600-4900 Ash content, % 0,5-1,5 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Briquette

Table 3.3. Fuel characteristics for wood briquettes, pellets and wood chips (Swedish Wood Fuel Association, Faktablad Briketter, Faktablad Pellets, Faktablad Flis, 2007) Fuel Moisture content approximations,% Energy content, MWh/ton Density, kg/m3 Briquettes 10% 4,7 550-650 Pellets 4,8 600-700 Wood chips 30-50% 2,25-2,35 250-350 Briquettes do not take up a great deal of space. Densified biomass fule are efficient in storing, although coal oil require even less space, see table 3.4. The Swedish market for wood briquettes - Production and market development

Peat, 35% moisture content (peat in pieces) Table 3.4. Volumes of different fuels needed to replace I m3 of fuel oil (www, Novator, 2007) Fuel Volume (m3) Fuel oil 1 1 Coal 2,2 Wood pellets 3,4 Wood briquettes 3,5 Straw briquettes 3,9 Wood powder 8,5 Peat, 35% moisture content (peat in pieces) Forest fuel, <35% moisture content 10 Peat, 50% moisture content (milling peat) 10,8 Forest fuel, 50% moisture content 13 Bark, > 50% moisture content 20 The Swedish market for wood briquettes - Production and market development

(Biomass Briquetting in Sudan: A Feasibility Study) Table 4.3: Comparison Coal and biomass characteristics Fuel Density g/cm3 Calorific value Kcal/kg Ash content (%) Coal 1.3 3,800-5,300 20-40 Biomass briquettes from: Sawdust 1.1 4,600 0.7 Groundnut shell 1.05 4,750 2.0 Rice husk 3,700 18.0 Sawdust-cotton stalk 1.12 4,300 8.0 Source (Farm Waste Utilization-Singh) (Biomass Briquetting in Sudan: A Feasibility Study)

(Biomass Briquetting in Sudan: A Feasibility Study)

Heating Value Local mine mouth coal ~ 2,800 kcal/kg LHV Imported coal ~ 6,000 kcal/kg LHV Heating Valves (LHV = Lowest heating Value) BFB ~ LHV = 3-18 MJ/kg (720-4300 Kcal/kg) CFB ~ LHV = 5-40 MJ/kg (1200-9600 kcal/kg) Best Suitable for fuels with High water content 15-20 MW th/20-150 t/h 5-35 Mwel (1:4) Extreme wide fuel flexibility 35-450 Mwh 10-150 Mwel/50-550 t/h (1:5)

Lomellina II – a new – generation RDF Power plant in Italy (2000) Consist of : Recyclable materials recovery RDF preparation Composting RDF power plant/CFB-boiler Flue gas cleaning Steam Turbine Gross 19 MW, Net 16 Mwel CFB – Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler MSW 180,000 t/a (493 t/d) + Plus 20,000 t/a + LHV 12.77 MJ/kg Stream 87 t/a 180,000 t/a Recyclables (40%) RDF processing (60%) RDF 19 t/h MSW Food, Green Composting Metal, Plastic Glass, etc Lomelling I (1990) Processed 180,000 t/a of waste Producing 110,000 t/a of RDF + Plus 20,000 t/a of industrial RDF Generated 100,000 MW h/a of electricity Compost