D I G I T A L 4.0 Modal verbs ENG M.2 Sem. 1 Grammar Exercise 8: Rewrite each sentence beginning as shown. Do not change the meaning. 1. You were wrong to study so late! You shouldn’t……have studied so late……! 2. Did you manage to stop him? Were……………………………………………………? G I T A L 4.0

D I G I T A L 4.0 Modal verbs ENG M.2 Sem. 1 Grammar Exercise 8: Rewrite each sentence beginning as shown. Do not change the meaning. 3. It wasn’t necessary to work hard. I didn’t……………………………………………………. 4. Perhaps Dan has lost his way. Dan might……………………………………………………. G I T A L 4.0

D I G I T A L 4.0 Modal verbs ENG M.2 Sem. 1 Grammar Exercise 8: Rewrite each sentence beginning as shown. Do not change the meaning. 5. It was possible for you to hurt yourself. You could……………………………………………………. 6. It would have been a good idea to tell me. You should……………………………………………………. G I T A L 4.0

D I G I T A L 4.0 Modal verbs ENG M.2 Sem. 1 Grammar Exercise 8: Rewrite each sentence beginning as shown. Do not change the meaning. 7. I’m sure the class enjoyed it. The class must……………………………………………………. 8. I helped her but it wasn’t necessary. I needn’t……………………………………………………. G I T A L 4.0

D I G I T A L 4.0 Modal verbs ENG M.2 Sem. 1 Grammar Exercise 9: Complete each sentence so that it contains the words in bold. 1. I’m completely soaked! We……Should have taken an umbrella……. Should/umbrella 2. I’ve lost my bag. I think I…………………………………………………… must/bus G I T A L 4.0

D I G I T A L 4.0 Modal verbs ENG M.2 Sem. 1 Grammar Exercise 9: Complete each sentence so that it contains the words in bold. 3. I tried to phone Sam, but I…………………………………………………… couldn’t/get through 4. I forgot Kimmy’s birthday. I…………………………………………………… should/present G I T A L 4.0

D I G I T A L 4.0 Modal verbs ENG M.2 Sem. 1 Grammar Exercise 9: Complete each sentence so that it contains the words in bold. 5. Cats don’t like fruit! You…………………………………………………… shouldn’t/orange 6. Jeff isn’t here yet. I suppose she…………………………………………………… might/address G I T A L 4.0

D I G I T A L 4.0 Modal verbs ENG M.2 Sem. 1 Grammar Exercise 9: Complete each sentence so that it contains the words in bold. 7. I did badly in the test. I …………………………………………………… ought/harder 8. It’s a shame we didn’t go on holiday. We…………………………………………… could/fun G I T A L 4.0

D I G I T A L 4.0 Modal verbs ENG M.2 Sem. 1 Grammar Exercise 10: Rewrite each sentence so it does not contain the words in italics 1. Luckily Anna managed to put out the fire before the fire engine arrived. Luckily Anna was able to put out the fire before the fire engine arrived 2. You were wrong to spend so much time on Question 1. ……………………………………………………………………………………………... G I T A L 4.0

D I G I T A L 4.0 Modal verbs ENG M.2 Sem. 1 Grammar Exercise 10: Rewrite each sentence so it does not contain the words in italics 3. I suppose the thief broke the window to get in. ……………………………………………………………………………………………... 4. You cleaned all the windows, which wasn’t necessary. G I T A L 4.0

D I G I T A L 4.0 Modal verbs ENG M.2 Sem. 1 Grammar Exercise 10: Rewrite each sentence so it does not contain the words in italics 5. I’m sure someone took the money from your coat. ……………………………………………………………………………………………... 6. It’s impossible, you didn’t see Ken because he was at home. G I T A L 4.0

D I G I T A L 4.0 Modal verbs ENG M.2 Sem. 1 Grammar Exercise 10: Rewrite each sentence so it does not contain the words in italics 7. At my school it wasn’t necessary for us to take lots of exams. ……………………………………………………………………………………………... 8. The bus left at 6.00am, so I needed to go to bed early. G I T A L 4.0

D I G I T A L 4.0 Modal verbs ENG M.2 Sem. 1 Grammar Exercise 10: Rewrite each sentence so it does not contain the words in italics 9. It’s possible that I left my keys at home, but I’m sure I had the when I left. ……………………………………………………………………………………………... 10. It would have been a good idea for us to stay at home! G I T A L 4.0

D I G I T A L 4.0 Modal verbs ENG M.2 Sem. 1 Grammar Exercise 11: Complete the sentence with “can”, “can’t”, “must” or “mustn’t”. 1. I’m very tired today. I_____________ clean my room. 2. It’s raining heavily. You_____________ take your umbrella. 3. A cat_____________ climb up a tree, but a dog _____________. 4. We_____________ pick the flowers in the park. 5. Tony is very short. He_____________ play basketball very well. G I T A L 4.0

D I G I T A L 4.0 Modal verbs ENG M.2 Sem. 1 Grammar Exercise 11: Complete the sentence with “can”, “can’t”, “must” or “mustn’t”. 6. We_____________ go to the bank today. We haven’t got any money. 7. We are very hungry, so we_____________ eat a lot of sandwiches. 8. Tourists _____________ take their passports when they go abroad. 9. Footballers _____________ touch the ball with their hands. 10. She is a small baby. She _____________ eat meat, but she ____________ drink milk. G I T A L 4.0

D I G I T A L 4.0 Modal verbs ENG M.2 Sem. 1 Grammar Exercise 12: Choose the correct one. 1. Drivers (could / must) stop when the traffic lights are red. 2. You (may not / needn’t) take your umbrella. It is not raining. 3. I have no time. I (must / may) leave now or I miss the bus. 4. (Might / could) you water my plants while I am away? 5. You don’t look well. You (could / should) see a doctor. G I T A L 4.0

D I G I T A L 4.0 Modal verbs ENG M.2 Sem. 1 Grammar Exercise 12: Choose the correct one. 6. Sarah is not at home. She (might / could) have gone to Paris, I don’t know. 7. There are plenty of tomatoes in the fridge. You (needn’t / mustn’t) buy any. 8. If you want to learn to speak English fluently, you (need / could) to work hard. G I T A L 4.0

D I G I T A L 4.0 Modal verbs ENG M.2 Sem. 1 Grammar Exercise 12: Choose the correct one. 9. Tom (can / must) play tennis quite well. I usually play with him every weekend. 10. “(Should / May) we go out tonight, please?” “Yes, but you (mustn’t / couldn’t) be late” G I T A L 4.0

D I G I T A L 4.0 Modal verbs ENG M.2 Sem. 1 Grammar Exercise 13: Complete the sentence with a suitable modal verb. 1. Ryan________________ come to our wedding, but we aren’t sure. 2. That dress is not expensive. I ________________ buy it. 3. My hands are very dirty. I ________________ wash them. 4. I’m sorry but we ________________ come to your party tomorrow. G I T A L 4.0

D I G I T A L 4.0 Modal verbs ENG M.2 Sem. 1 Grammar Exercise 13: Complete the sentence with a suitable modal verb. 5. ________________I buy the tickets for the concert? I can see you’re too busy. 6. You________________ not be so nervous. I think it will be very easy. 7. Sara ________________ not play the violin when she was five, but now she________________ play it very well. G I T A L 4.0

D 1 E 2 S E M N G ม. I G I T Passive Voice A L 4.0

D I G I T A L 4.0 Passive Voice ENG M.2 Sem. 1 Grammar Passive: form โครงสร้างของ passive คือ be + past participle แสดงให้เห็นประโยคต่างๆ ดังตัวอย่างต่อไปนี้ • Present simple The Government builds hundreds of houses every year. Hundreds of houses are built every year. G I T A L 4.0

D I G I T A L 4.0 Passive Voice ENG M.2 Sem. 1 Grammar Passive: form • Present continuous The authorities are questioning two men. Two men are being questioned by the authorities. G I T A L 4.0

D I G I T A L 4.0 Passive Voice ENG M.2 Sem. 1 Grammar Passive: form • Present perfect We have chosen Helen as the new president. Helen has been chosen as the new president. G I T A L 4.0

D I G I T A L 4.0 Passive Voice ENG M.2 Sem. 1 Grammar Passive: form • Past Simple The police arrested one protester. One protester was arrested. G I T A L 4.0

D I G I T A L 4.0 Passive Voice ENG M.2 Sem. 1 Grammar Passive: form • Will They will play the match on Wednesday evening The match will be played on Wednesday evening G I T A L 4.0

D I G I T A L 4.0 Passive Voice ENG M.2 Sem. 1 Grammar Passive: form • Object (กรรม) ในรูป active (hundreds of houses, two men, Helen) จะขยับไปอยู่ข้างหน้าใน passive sentence และกลายเป็น subject (ประธาน). G I T A L 4.0

D I G I T A L 4.0 Passive Voice ENG M.2 Sem. 1 Grammar Passive: การใช้ • Focus on important information (เน้นสิ่งที่มีความสำคัญ) Compare: (active) The Government built hundreds of houses last year. (passive) Hundreds of houses were built by the Government last year. G I T A L 4.0

D I G I T A L 4.0 Passive Voice ENG M.2 Sem. 1 Grammar Passive: การใช้ • Focus on important information (เน้นสิ่งที่มีความสำคัญ) Active sentence: more emphasis on who did the action - the Government. Passive sentence: more emphasis on the thing affected by the action - the number of houses G I T A L 4.0

D I G I T A L 4.0 Passive Voice ENG M.2 Sem. 1 Grammar Passive: การใช้ • Focus on important information (เน้นสิ่งที่มีความสำคัญ) - ข้อความที่มีความสำคัญส่วนใหญ่จะอยู่หน้าประโยค G I T A L 4.0

D I G I T A L 4.0 Passive Voice ENG M.2 Sem. 1 Grammar Passive: การใช้ • Spoken and written (ภาษาพูดและภาษาเขียน) - passive ใช้กับการเขียนที่เป็นทางการ โดยเฉพาะการเขียนเชิงวิทยาศาสตร์ ส่วนในภาษาพูดและการเขียนแบบทั่วไปก็ใช้ในรูปปกติ G I T A L 4.0

D I G I T A L 4.0 Passive Voice ENG M.2 Sem. 1 Grammar Passive: การใช้ Using by and with (การใช้ by และ with) • The ‘agent’ (ผู้กระทำ) เป็นบุคคลหรือสิ่งที่เป็นผู้กระทำ โดยใช้ by + agent(ผู้กระทำ). Hundreds of houses were built last year. Hundreds of houses were built by the Government last year. A lot of stones were thrown. A lot of stones were thrown by angry football fans. G I T A L 4.0

D I G I T A L 4.0 Passive Voice ENG M.2 Sem. 1 Grammar Passive: การใช้ Using by and with (การใช้ by และ with) • The ‘instrument’(เครื่องมือ) เป็นสิ่งที่ใช้ในการกระทำเหตุการณ์ โดยใช้ with + instrument(เครื่องมือ). The windows were broken with a baseball bat. G I T A L 4.0

D I G I T A L 4.0 Passive Voice ENG M.2 Sem. 1 Grammar Passive: การใช้ Sentences without an agent (ประโยคที่ปราศจากผู้กระทำ) - ไม่จำเป็นต้องมีผู้กระทำเสมอไป เนื่องจากเหตุผลดังต่อไปนี้ 1 ไม่ทราบผู้กระทำ: Brenda’s motorbike was stolen last night. 2 ผู้กระทำเป็นที่รู้อยู่แล้ว: One protester was arrested. 3 ผู้กระทำไม่มีความสำคัญ: A lot of small cars are sold every year. G I T A L 4.0

D I G I T A L 4.0 Passive Voice ENG M.2 Sem. 1 Grammar Passive: การใช้ Transitive and intransitive verbs (สกรรมกริยา และอกรรมกริยา) • กริยาที่มีกรรม เรียกว่า transitive verbs (สกรรมกริยา) (example: help). ในประโยคนี้ ‘the old lady’ ทำหน้าที่เป็นประธาน A young man helped the old lady across the road. • กริยาที่ไม่มีกรรม เรียกว่า intransitive verbs (อกรรมกริยา) (example: sit). Diane sits near the front of the class. G I T A L 4.0

D I G I T A L 4.0 Passive Voice ENG M.2 Sem. 1 Grammar Passive: การใช้ • ใน Dictionaries จะเห็นตัวย่อที่แสดงถึง 2 ตัวนี้ คือ T หรือ I - มีเพียง transitive verb (สกรรมกริยา) ที่สามารถอยู่ในรูป Passive. The old lady was helped across the road by a young man. • กริยาบางตัวมีความหมาย่ได้ทั้ง transitive (สกรรมกริยา) และ intransitive (อกรรมกริยา) Diane walks to school. (walk - intransitive) When she gets home, she walks the dog. (walk = ‘take for a walk’ - transitive) G I T A L 4.0

D I G I T A L 4.0 Passive Voice ENG M.2 Sem. 1 Grammar Exercise 1: Underline the phrases which are not necessary in these sentences. Sometimes every phrase is every phrase being necessary. 1 My wallet has been stolen by someone. 2 We were taught by a different teacher yesterday. 3 Nick was taught by a different teacher yesterday. 4 We were shown round the museum by a guide. G I T A L 4.0

D I G I T A L 4.0 Passive Voice ENG M.2 Sem. 1 Grammar Exercise 1: Underline the phrases which are not necessary in these sentences. Sometimes every phrase is every phrase being necessary. 5 The meal was served on at the hospital by a doctor. 6 Yesterday a window was broken by someone. 7 Two letters were delivered this morning by the postman. 8 Three men have been arrested by the police. G I T A L 4.0