Thailand Trilateral Cooperation : Lessons Learned and Policy Recommendations Triangular Cooperation: Lesson learned and future prospect Hotel Eastin Grand, Sathorn, Bangkok, Thailand 26-27 January, 2017 Banchong Amornchewin Thailand International Cooperation Agency (TICA)

Contents Thailand’s ODA Policy Modalities of Cooperation Trilateral Cooperation Lessons Learned Policy Recommendations

Thailand’s ODA Policy Framework Assist Thailand’s neighboring countries on economic and social development Support the LDCs to achieve the SDGs by SFP Promote S-S Cooperation with the international community through bilateral and multilateral cooperation Strengthen the partnership for technical cooperation and human resource development To narrow the development gaps towards regional and sub-regional integration

Modalities of Cooperation Thailand and 4 main modalities of development cooperation partnership: Bilateral Cooperation (N-S, S-S) Trilateral Cooperation (N-S-S, S-S-S) Multilateral Cooperation Sub-regional/ Regional Cooperation Modalities of development cooperation   There are 4 main modalities of development cooperation partnership: bilateral, trilateral, sub-regional/regional, and multilateral cooperation.  Major types of cooperation activities include technical cooperation projects, third country training programme (TCTP), third country expert programme (TCEP) and programme-based approach

Trilateral Cooperation ความร่วมมือแบบไตรภาคี เป็นความร่วมมือของคู่ร่วมมือ 3 ฝ่าย ประกอบด้วยประเทศผู้ให้หรือืแหล่งผู้ให้ร่วมมือกับแหล่งผู้ให้จากประเทศกำลังพัฒนา (Provider of South-South Cooperation) ในการให้ความช่วยเหลือแก่ประเทศที่ 3 หรือประเทศผู้ได้รับประโยชน์ หรือประเทศกำลังพัฒนาอื่นๆ ไทยได้เปลี่ยนจากการเป็นประเทศผู้รับมาเป็นประเทศผู้ให้ความช่วยเหลือ ตั้งแต่ปี ค.ศ. 1992 มีการเปลี่ยนแปลงงบประมาณให้ความช่วยเหลือเพิ่มมากขึ้นอย่างมีนัยสำคัญ ทำให้ประแทศผู้ให้ความช่วยเหลือต่างๆ ลดการให้ความช่วยเหลือแก่ไทย ซึ่งมีการพัฒนาไปแล้วระดับหนึ่ง และกำลังก้าวสู๋การเป็นประเทศที่มีรายได้ปานกลาง

Trilateral Cooperation Mapping Other Developing Countries Thailand Donors/ Partners UN/ INGOs ASEAN Trilateral cooperation is a modality under the partnership programmes with various donors, where the partners put joint efforts to provide assistance to third countries. At present, Thailand has trilateral cooperation programmes with Japan, UNDP, UNICEF, UNFPA, ESCAP, CIDA (Canada), France, Hungary, Sweden, Germany and the Colombo Plan. Presently, main activities under trilateral cooperation programmes are of capacity building and human resources development in nature. Thailand and its concerned partners share expertise and experience to other developing countries through training and study visits in Thailand organised by Thai agencies or academic institutions. We hope that, in the future, and with joint partnership with our development partners, we can do more and extend the scope of our activities.

N - S - S Cooperation Rationale : Expand the knowledge and experience Thailand gained and accumulated from the bilateral technical cooperation to the third countries for the prosperity in the region Maintain the relationship with the traditional donor countries and transform to the new modality (trilateral and partnership cooperation) Thailand and traditional donor countries (development partners) to add value of South-South cooperation and to support the integration and narrowing the development gap between ASEAN countries

N - S - S Cooperation Principle : Joint initiative/ Joint efforts/ Share responsibility Mutual consultation throughout the cooperation process, cost-sharing between Thailand and traditional donor for the third country Demand-driven approach - response to the real need of recipient country Create ownership and partnership - involve the recipient country in the process (formulation, planning, implementation , monitoring and evaluation)

MOU on Trilateral Cooperation Thailand has with partner/donor countries : Canada 1991 - 1995 Japan 1994, 2003 Singapore 1997 Luxembourg 2000 Australia 2002 Hungary 2004 France 2004, 2010 Sweden 2005 Germany 2008 Brazil 2012 Argentina 2015 MOU Thailand-Brazil Trilateral Cooperation, signed 17 August 2012

MOU on Trilateral Cooperation Agreement on Trilateral Cooperation with International Organizations/ INGOs: UNDP UNFPA UNICEF ADB World Bank AMFA Colombo Plan Secretariat AMFA-Association Medicale Franco - Asiatique

Number of Trainees under Trilateral Cooperation Programmes Priority Areas Partners Recipients Agriculture NZ France China CLM Bangladesh Maldives Nepal Africa Health Singapore Australia/ NZ Germany Sweden South Korea CLMV จำนวนผู้เข้าอบรมหลักสูตรนานาชาติภายใต้ความร่วมมือไตรภาคี จำแนกตามแหล่งความร่วมมือ ระหว่าง 2551 – 2554 (2008 – 2011)

Number of Trainees under Trilateral Cooperation Programmes Priority Areas Partners Third Countries Education Singapore NZ Germany France Hungary EU CLMV Science, Tourism, Energy China Denmark ASEAN Countries จำนวนผู้เข้าอบรมหลักสูตรนานาชาติภายใต้ความร่วมมือไตรภาคี จำแนกตามแหล่งความร่วมมือ ระหว่าง 2551 – 2554 (2008 – 2011)

Number of Trainees under Trilateral Cooperation Programmes Priority Areas Partners Third Countries Global Issues: Global Warming, Food Security Singapore Australia/ NZ USA/ Canada Japan CLMV Indonesia South Asia (Bangladesh, Pakistan) Africa จำนวนผู้เข้าอบรมหลักสูตรนานาชาติภายใต้ความร่วมมือไตรภาคี จำแนกตามแหล่งความร่วมมือ ระหว่าง 2551 – 2554 (2008 – 2011)

Trilateral Cooperation Programmes 2011 - 2016 ADB 1 Trade Facilitation and Logistics Development in the GMS 2 Third GMS Corridor Towns Development in Myanmar CPS 1 Grassroots Economic Development following Sufficiency Economy Philosophy 2 Beyond Climate Change Impacts on Water Resources, Biodiversify : Communication the Role of Society 3 Industrial Ecology and Environment 4 Environmental Health and Food Safety 5 Integrated Water Resource Management and Climate Change Adaptation 6 Life Cycle Assessment for Environmental Management 7 Natural Disaster Management 8 Climate Change Adaptation

CSEP 1 ASEAN Single Electronic Window 2 Public Governance and Administration 3 Strengthening Cross-border Systems in CLMV Countries 4 Sustainable Water Resources Management 5 Trade and Investment Facilitation 6 Integrated Urban Planning and Transportation Systems 7 IT Security and Management 8 Integrated Water Resource Management and Climate Change Adaptation 9 Sustainable Development and Environmental Management 10 Development Strategies for SMEs in Cambodia 11 Agriculture Sector Value Chain Analysis and Promotion 12 Leadership Enhancement for Asian Safety Food 13 Health and Geographic Information and Management Sustainable Development and Environmental Management 14 Environment Public Health Management 15 Food Hygeine Management and Food-Borne Diseases 16 Life Cycle Thinking : Tool and its Applications 17 Food Safety Management 18 Logistic Management

GERMANY(giz) 1 Strengthening National Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) 2 Third Country Training Programme on Strengthening of Measurement Standards Institues of CLMV Countries towards ASEAN Integration 3 'Sufficiency Economy Promotion for Youth Employment 4 'Workshop Knowledge Sharing in International Cooperation 5 Strengthening Cooperative and SMEs in Central Vietnam 6 Nam Xong Sub-River Basin Management 7 Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) 8 'Sufficiency Economyand Business Prmotion in the Agricultural Sector 9 Consultancy Service on Posaa Procession Plant Feasibility Study in Xayaboury Province 10 Improving Harvesting Techniques by Thai Experts 11 Study Mission in Thailand Result Chain : Quality Improvement

12 Failure Analysis concerning Corrosion & Boiler Water Chemistry 13 Improved Competence in Fracture Surface and Mapping Analysis 14 Study of Failure Cases concerning Welding / Forming 15 Upgrading Training Course of SEM-EDX Analysis 16 Improvement of COMFA'S Management Competence 17 Joint Mission on Rural Sanitation Improvement and Hygience Promotion 18 Advance Technical Service for SME in Selected Industrial Sectors of Vietnam 19 Seminar - Workshop on Result-Based Project Management for Trilateral Projects 20 Rural Sanitation Improvement and Hygiene Promotion in Cambodia 21 Paper Mulberry Supply Chain 22 Water Quality Protection, Integrated Water Resources Management, and River basin Organization (Case Study and Best Practices in Thailand) 23 Triangular Cooperation in Southeasr Asia Conference

JAPAN(JICA) 1 Establishment of FMD Free Zone Between Myanmar and Thailand 2 Genetic Improvement of Terapia Fish 3 Freshwater Aquaculture 4 International Training of the Trainers on Food Processing 5 Promotion of Mechanization in Rice Sector for CARD Countries 6 Environmental - Friendly Rice Production for CARD Countries, Sustainable Seed Propagation: Technology, Planning and Management 7 Postharvest Technology of Perishable Crops 8 Harmonization of Power Distribution System in ASEAN Countries 9 Skill Development for Material Processing for Mekong Countries 10 Thailand - Japan Partnership toward AEC and beyond

11 Front Office Management and Operations 12 Knowledge Creation Forum on Community - based inclusive Development 2015 ( Capacity building of Persons with Autism and their Parents) 13 Foot and Mouth Disease Free Zone Myanmar 14 Tourism Sector 15 Tourism Management Study Visit 16 Strengthening of Measurement Standards Institutes of CLMV Countries Towards ASEAN Integration 17 Strengthening of Measurement Standards Institutes 18 Operation on HIV/AIDs Prevention and Control 19 Malaria Prevention and Control for Africa

20 Reforestation and Extension Techniques for Forester Phase II 21 Sustainable Road Development 22 Energy Conservation to Reduce Global Warming for ASEAN Countries 23 Third Country Training Programme on Power Distribution System Design 24 Strengthening of Measurement Standards Institutes of Asia Pacific Countries 25 Environmental Impact Assessment 26 Training on Design, Operation and Management of Decentralized Wastewater Treatment System 27 Management of Water Supply Business 28 STIs Case Management Skills 29 Capacity Building Workshop on the Return, Repatriation and Reintegration of Trafficked Persons in CLMV

FINLAND 1 Energy and Environment Partnership – Mekong FRANCE 1 The Joint Fellowship Programme for Doctoral Students under the Royal Golden Jubilee Programme 2 Shrimp Diseases Protection ISRAEL 1 Greenhouse Crop Production and Management KOREA(KOICA) 1 Joint Training Programme on Sustainable Rural Development on Sufficient and Creative Economy Norway(Norad) 1 Malaria Prevention and Control in Myanmar - Thailand border Areas 2 Environmental and Tourism in Inya Lake Myanmar

NZAID UNFPA 1 Agriculture Sector Value Chain Analysis and Promotion 2 Postharvest Practices : Experiences and Best Practices in New Zealand and Thailand UNFPA 1 International Advanced Midwifery Training : Making Motherhood Safer and Neonatal Nursing Programme 2 Maternal and Child Health 3 Validation Workshop on Thailand Reproductive Health and Maternal Pakage 4 Learning Exchange on Sexuality Education in Schools : A Way Forward a First in a Series of the Dialogue Forum for Strategic 5 Strengthening Institutional Capacity on Safe Motherhood Programme

UNDP 1 United Nations Regional Course in International Law 2 Regional Workshop : HIV/AIDs Health Care Services in Universal Health Coverage UNICEF 1 Comprehensive Pediatric HIV/AIDs Care Management 2 Programme Management of Prevention of Mother to Child HIV Transmission

LESSONS LEARNED Trilateral Cooperation MOU does not always function with some donors/partner countries Lack of joint mechanism and regular dialogue Uncertainty : Policy change, budget constraint Challenging : High concern with aid effectiveness, duplication of resources on various frameworks (bilateral, trilateral, sub-regional, regional cooperation frameworks)

It takes time to coordinate and formulate cooperation activities Multi-stakeholders in the process Partner countries see no differences in TrC Different incentives and motivation Body of knowledge and transforming methods

Critical Issues on Efficiency and Effectiveness of TrC Improving policy integration and planning processes Seeking a comprehensive ODA strategic framework Need strategic partners Requiring result framework Strengthening Institutions

Redesigning aid architecture and improving aid effectiveness Reforming ODA finance management Strengthening resource allocation and use of sectoral and agenda based Improving national policy and planning processes

Policy Recommendations Revitalizing Aid Architecture for TrC Policy Integration and Strategy-focused on Trilateral Cooperation Reforming Knowledge Management Future Prospect

Revitalizing Aid Architecture for TrC Designing more comprehensive TC development cooperation framework Emphasizing on PBA (programme-based approach) Seeking new modalities and innovation Emphasizing on results rather than process or basic outputs. Aiming to targeted population or vulnerable groups rather than government official

Policy Integration and Strategy-focused on Trilateral Cooperation Policy coordination under the Economic Partnership Framework on Policy coordination under regional/sub-regional economic development cooperation Sectoral strategy-focused approach

Align a strategic framework with priority and strategy of partner countries Strengthen partnership of economic and development partnership More integrative with international community Supporting to regional and global issues SDGs and Sufficiency Economy

Reforming Knowledge Management Synthesizing and refining knowledge New knowledge structure (right kind of knowledge) Horizontal and vertical sharing platform Strengthening Community of Practices for mutual learning and joint applicable Enhancing center of excellence in SS countries Creating multi-node networking Knowledge partnership/platform

Future Prospect Balancing of Demand and Supply Synergistic Efforts for SDGs Harmonization of Aid Coordination NGOs ,CSOs& Private Sectors Participation

THANK YOU www.tica.thaigov.net tica@mfa.go.th ความร่วมมือแบบไตรภาคี เป็นความร่วมมือของคู่ร่วมมือ 3 ฝ่าย ประกอบด้วยประเทศผู้ให้หรือืแหล่งผู้ให้ร่วมมือกับแหล่งผู้ให้จากประเทศกำลังพัฒนา (Provider of South-South Cooperation) ในการให้ความช่วยเหลือแก่ประเทศที่ 3 หรือประเทศผู้ได้รับประโยชน์ หรือประเทศกำลังพัฒนาอื่นๆ ไทยได้เปลี่ยนจากการเป็นประเทศผู้รับมาเป็นประเทศผู้ให้ความช่วยเหลือ ตั้งแต่ปี ค.ศ. 1992 มีการเปลี่ยนแปลงงบประมาณให้ความช่วยเหลือเพิ่มมากขึ้นอย่างมีนัยสำคัญ ทำให้ประแทศผู้ให้ความช่วยเหลือต่างๆ ลดการให้ความช่วยเหลือแก่ไทย ซึ่งมีการพัฒนาไปแล้วระดับหนึ่ง และกำลังก้าวสู๋การเป็นประเทศที่มีรายได้ปานกลาง 34