1 Out line Measurement Quantity System of quantity Base quantity Derived quantity Ordinal quantity Measurement standard Testing Traceability Is hardness quantity measurement or testing ? Measurement and Testing

2 Measurement Process of experimentally obtaining one or more quantity values that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity กระบวนการของการทดลองเพื่อให้ได้มาซึ่งค่า ของปริมาณ (Quantity) หนึ่งค่าหรือมากกว่า ซึ่งค่าที่ได้เป็นลักษณะของปริมาณนั้นอย่าง สมเหตุสมผล VIM Definition

3 Experiment process Tools: measuring instrument Method : ?? Operator: ?? Environment: ?? Value (in number) of Quantity Media : Test pieces Specimen Product ……. Quantity Measurement Quantity: length Media: table Tools: measuring tape Method:? Operator:? Environment: ? Value of quantity: 90 unit of quantity: cm

4 Quantity property of a phenomenon, body, or substance, to which a number can be assigned with respect to a reference คุณสมบัติของปรากฎการณ์, ร่างกาย หรือ สสาร ซึ่งสามารถถูกกำหนดด้วยตัวเลขที่ สัมพันธ์กับค่าอ้างอิง VIM Definition

5 Experiment process Tools: measuring instrument Method : ?? Operator: ?? Environment: ?? Value (in number) of Quantity Media : Test pieces Specimen Product ……. Quantity Measurement -Number -Reference characteristic

6 System of quantities based on the seven base quantities length, mass, time, electric current, thermodynamic temperature, amount of substance, and luminous intensity ระบบปริมาณอยู่บนพื้นฐานของเจ็ด base quantities ( ปริมาณพื้นฐาน ) ประกอบด้วย ปริมาณความยาว, เวลา, กระแสไฟฟ้า, อุณหภูมิ, จำนวนสสาร และความเข้มแสง International System of Quantities ISQ VIM Definition

7 System of quantity set of quantities together with a set of non-contradictory equations relating those quantities NOTE — Ordinal quantities, such as Rockwell C hardness, are usually not considered to be part of a system of quantities because they are related to other quantities through empirical relations only. VIM Definition

8 System of quantity Base quantity quantity in a conventionally chosen subset of a given system of quantities, where no subset quantity can be expressed in terms of the others ปริมาณหนึ่งที่ถูกเลือกในชุดย่อยของระบบปริมาณ ซึ่งไม่สามารถถูกอธิบายด้วยปริมาณย่อยอื่นๆ ได้ VIM Definition International System of Quantities ISQ system of quantities based on the seven base quantities: length, mass, time, electric current, thermodynamic temperature, amount of substance, and luminous intensity

9 Derived quantity quantity, in a system of quantities, defined in terms of its base quantities EXAMPLE In a system of quantities having the base quantities length and mass, mass density is a derived quantity defined as the quotient of mass and volume (length to the third power). ปริมาณในระบบปริมาณ ที่ถูกนิยามอยู่ในเทอม ของปริมาณพื้นฐานอีกที System of quantity VIM Definition

10 Ordinal quantity quantity, defined by a conventional measurement procedure, for which a total ordering relation can be established, according to magnitude, with other quantities of the same kind is defined, but for which no algebraic operations among those quantities exist ปริมาณซึ่งถูกนิยามโดยขั้นตอนดำเนินการวัดที่เป็นที่ ยอมรับ ซึ่งถูกนิยามจากลำดับความสัมพันธ์ของขนาด ของปริมาณจำพวกเดียวกัน แต่ไม่สามารถอธิบายหรือ นิยามการทำพีชคณิตของปริมาณเหล่านี้ได้ EXAMPLES a) Rockwell C hardness b) octane number for petroleum fuel c) earthquake strength on the Richter scale VIM Definition  X  System of quantity

11 Experiment process Tools: measuring instrument Method : ?? Operator: ?? Environment: ?? Value (in number) of Quantity Media : Test pieces Specimen Product ……. Quantity Measurement -Number -Reference characteristic Measurement Standard Media : measuring instrument Same as What different they are? What is a reference ?

12 Measurement standard realization of the definition of a given quantity, with stated quantity value and measurement uncertainty, used as a reference การทำให้เป็นจริงจากนิยามของปริมาณ ด้วยการรายงานค่าของ ปริมาณและความไม่แน่นอนของผลการวัด และถูกใช้เป็นค่า อ้างอิง EXAMPLES a) 1 kg mass standard b) 100 . standard resistor c) caesium frequency standard d) standard hydrogen electrode e) set of reference solutions of cortisol in human serum having certified concentrations and measurement uncertainties of cortisol f) reference material providing certified values with measurement uncertainties for the mass concentration of each of ten different proteins VIM Definition

13 Measurement standard International measurement standard National measurement standard Primary measurement standard Secondary measurement standard Reference measurement standard Working measurement standard

14 measurement standard recognized by signatories to an international agreement and intended to serve worldwide EXAMPLES a) international prototype of the kilogram b) chorionic gonadotropin, World Health Organization (WHO) 4th International Standard 1999, 75/589, 650 International Units per ampoule c) VSMOW2 (Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water) distributed by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) for differential stable isotope amount ratio measurements VIM Definition International measurement standard

15 measurement standard recognized by national authority to serve in the country VIM Definition national measurement standard

16 VIM Definition Primary measurement standard primary standard measurement standard whose quantity value and measurement uncertainty are established using a primary measurement procedure EXAMPLES a) Primary measurement standard of amount-of- substance concentration prepared by dissolving a known amount of substance of a chemical component to a known volume of solution. b) Primary measurement standard for pressure based on separate measurements of force and area. c) Primary measurement standard for isotope amount-of-substance ratio measurements, prepared by mixing known amount- of -substance of specified isotopes.

17 VIM Definition Secondary measurement standard secondary standard measurement standard whose quantity value and measurement uncertainty are assigned through calibration with respect to a primary measurement standard for a quantity of the same kind NOTES 1— The relation may be obtained directly between the primary measurement standard and the secondary measurement standard, or involve an intermediate measuring system calibrated by the primary measurement standard and assigning a measurement result to the secondarymeasurement standard. 2— A measurement standard having its quantity value assigned by a ratio primary measurement procedure is a secondary measurement standard.

18 VIM Definition Reference measurement standard reference standard measurement standard designated for the calibration of working measurement standards for quantities of a given kind in a given organization or at a given location working measurement standard working standard measurement standard that is used routinely to calibrate or verify measuring instruments or measuring systems NOTES 1— A working measurement standard is usually calibrated with respect to a reference measurement standard. 2— Other terms are “check standard” or “control standard”.

19 When we suspect the measurement results Method? Environment? Operator? Measuring instrument?

20 operation that, under specified conditions, in a first step, establishes a relation between the quantity values with measurement uncertainties provided by measurement standards and corresponding indications with associated measurement uncertainties and, in a second step, uses this information to establish a relation for obtaining a measurement result from an indication (VIM 2008) การดำเนินการ ภายใต้เงื่อนไขที่ระบุ, ในขั้นแรก, หา ความความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างค่าของปริมาณที่มากับ ความไม่แน่นอนของการวัดซึ่งได้จาก มาตรฐานการ วัด กับ ค่าบ่งชี้ที่มากับความไม่แน่นอนของการวัดที่ เกี่ยวข้อง ( จากเครื่องมือวัดที่ถูกสอบเทียบ ) ใน ขั้นตอนที่สอง, ให้ใช้ข้อมูลนี้เพื่อสร้างความสัมพันธ์ให้ ได้รับผลการวัดที่ได้จากตัวบ่งชี้ ( เครื่องมือวัดที่ถูกสอบ เทียบ ) Calibration

21 Experiment process Tools: measuring instrument Method : ?? Operator: ?? Environment: ?? Value (in number) of Quantity Media : Test pieces Specimen Product ……. Quantity Measurement Comparison Relation Deviation Error ± Uncertainty Calibration -Number -Reference characteristic Measurement Standard Media : measuring instrument Same as

22 Metrological traceability property of a measurement result whereby the result can be related to a stated reference through a documented unbroken chain of calibrations, each contributing to the measurement uncertainty Conclusion to ensure that the quantity values are the same for whoever,wherever and whenever the measurement takes place VIM Definition

23 Quantity Traceability of measurement National Standard Media : measuring instrument Value of quantity working standard Media : measuring instrument Reference Standard Media : measuring instrument Secondary Standard Media : measuring instrument Comparison Relation Deviation Error ± Uncertainty Calibration Comparison Relation Deviation Error ± Uncertainty Calibration Comparison Relation Deviation Error ± Uncertainty Calibration

24 Test A technical operation that consists of the determination of one or more characteristics or performance of a given product, materials, equipment, organism, physical phenomenon, process or service according to a specified procedure. (ISO/IEC Guide , amended)

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26 Example of testing quantity What different between test and measurement are? What about hardness quantity?

27 The Equipment for maintain Hardness Traceability

28 Direct verification of Rockwell hardness primary machine Traceability

29 Direct verification of Vickers hardness primary machine Traceability

30 Industrial level Product Direct verification Calibration Lab. Level Direct verification Direct verification National Level Direct verification International Comparison International Level Traceability