IV. การสังเคราะห์สารชีวโมเลกุลพิเศษ แบ่งเป็นกลุ่มดังนี้ 1. จาก Tyr ( catecholamines, melanin, thyroid hormones) 2. จาก Trp (serotonin, melatonin) 3. จาก Glu (gamma-aminobutyrate, GABA) 4. จาก His (histamine) 5. Creatine phosphate 6. Polyamines 7. NO 8. Porphyrins and Bile pigments
1. จาก Tyr ( catecholamines, melanin, thyroid hormones)
Catecholamines Parkinson’s disease Cu2+, ascorbate
Catecholamines catabolism Adrenal pheochromocytoma diagnosis
Melanin Albinism Cu2+ http://www.people.fas.harvard.edu/~brown/dogs/genetics/color-genetics.htm#synthesis
Thyroid hormones
2. จาก Trp (serotonin, melatonin) -vasoconstrictor -อารมณ์ -อุณหภูมิร่างกาย -ความอยากรับประทานอาหาร -การหลับ -การอาเจียน
2. จาก Trp (serotonin, melatonin) -circadian rhythms -เป็นยาบรรเทาอาการ jet-lag
3. จาก Glu (GABA) PLP-dep enz พบใน gray matter Murray RK, et.al. p.342, 1996
4. จาก His (histamine) Campbell PN, Smith AD, p.113, 2000
4. Creatine phosphate Marks DB, et.al. p.626, 1996 Muscle and brain
4. Creatine phosphate -ค่า Creatinine ในปัสสาวะเป็นค่าคงที่ ใช้เทียบการขับออกของสารอื่น -ค่า Creatine ในเลือด บอกการทำงานของไต -Creatinuria พบเมื่อ เป็นไข้ ขาดอาหาร เบาหวาน hyperthyroidism musculardystrophy
5. Polyamines Http://www.niaid.nih.gov/daids/dtpdb/polyamin.htm
Catabolism of polyamines Murray RK, et.al. p.337, 1996
6. Nitric oxide NO : หลอดเลือดขยายตัว ยับยั้งการแข็งตัวของเลือด ทำงานร่วมกับสารสื่อประสาท กระตุ้น guanylate cyclase (cGMP-->PK, cGMP ถูกทำลายด้วย cGMP phosphodiesterase, Sildenafil)
7. Porphyrins and bile pigments Heme
Biosynthesis of heme I
Biosynthesis of heme II
Biosynthesis of heme III
Biosynthesis of heme IV
Biosynthesis of heme V
Biosynthesis of heme VI
Biosynthesis of heme VII
Biosynthesis of heme
Catabolism of heme
Catabolism of heme
Bilirubin diglucuronide in bile Urobilinogens & Stercobilinogens Catabolism of heme Bilirubin diglucuronide in bile H2O Urobilinogens & Stercobilinogens
Clinical aspect of heme metabolism Biosynthesis: Porphyrias Bilirubin metabolism: hyperbilirubinemia -Bilirubin is potentially toxic waste product of heme catabolism eliminated by transporting to liver bound to albumin serum, In the liver it is conjugated with glucuronate (to be water soluble), glucuronide conjugate is excreted in bile -High unconjugated bilirubin :bilirubin encephalopathy, also referred to as kernicterus. -Accumulation of bilirubin in the plasma and tissues results in jaundice
Porphyria Champe PC, et.al., p.278, 2005
Clinical aspect of heme metabolism
Clinical aspect of heme metabolism Crigler-Naijar syndrome Gilbert syndrome **Neonatal jaundice (transient): Phototherapy unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia 1. Hemolytic jaundice 2. Obstructive jaundice 3. Hepatocellular jaundice
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