Within the nucleus lies the chemical called deoxyribonucleic acid (or DNA; ดีเอ็นเอ ). This chemical codes for the characteristics of living things. For example, your hair colour and structure are a result of your individual DNA chemical. Human DNA is 98% identical to a chimpanzee DNA. Two random human beings will have DNA between 99.5 – 99.9% identical.
The structure of DNA is like a twisted ladder called a double helix ( สายเกลียวคู่ ). It is made up of the following: A sugar unit called deoxyribose ( น้ำตาลดีออกซีไรโบส ) A phosphate group ( หมู่ฟอสเฟต ) A base unit ( เบส ) The ‘sides of the ladder’ are made of the sugar and phosphate group and the ‘rungs’ are made of combinations of four different bases.
There are only four bases found in DNA: (A) Adenine; อะดีนีน (T) Thymine; เบสไทมีน (C) Cytosine; เบสไซโตซีน (G) Guanine; เบสกัวนีน Even though there are only four bases, the DNA strand consists of millions of individual bases paired up to form a DNA molecule. E.g. a human has 3 billion bases in its DNA.
Each unit made of a sugar, a base, and a phosphate group is called a nucleotide ( นิวคลีโอ ไทด์ ).