Information Systems Opportunities and Challenges ระบบสารสนเทศ โอกาส และ ความท้าทาย Information Systems Opportunities and Challenges ผศ. ดร. สมนึก คีรีโต ภาควิชาวิศวกรรมคอมพิวเตอร์ คณะวิศวกรรมศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยเกษตรศาสตร์ฟ อีเมล์ sk@nontri.ku.ac.th โฮมเพจ www.cpe.ku.ac.th/~sk S. Keretho/IT for Organization

S. Keretho/IT for Organization เนื้อหา เนื้อหาใน 4 บทแรก เน้นเรื่อง รากฐานของระบบสารสนเทศเพื่อองค์กร Organizational Foundations of Information Systems บทที่ 1 ระบบสารสนเทศ โอกาส และความท้าทาย กรณีศึกษา การใช้ระบบสารสนเทศเพื่อองค์กร ระบบสารสนเทศ คือ อะไร บทบาทใหม่ๆ ของระบบสารสนเทศในองค์กร ความท้าทายของระบบสารสนเทศ: มุมมองของผู้บริหาร S. Keretho/IT for Organization

กรณีศึกษา: New Business Opportunities ธุรกิจ ของบริษัท 7-Eleven ในญี่ปุ่น A customer-focused orientation based on information technology: e.g. POS-TPS, Just-in-time, and Data Mining ห้างสรรพสินค้า 1872 - First mail-order catalogue (โดย Montgomery Ward & Co.) 1995 - The Catalog Site www.catalogsite.com A World-Wide-Web electronic mall Most organization need information systems, not just to survive, but to excel (prosper). S. Keretho/IT for Organization

IS helped the 7-Eleven company to Increase sales by meeting customers’ demands, knowing exactly what the customer want and when. Reduce costs by maintaining low inventory levels. Increase quality of products. Create alliances with suppliers. Reduce costs by negotiating high quality products at low prices with suppliers. Reduce costs by optimally utilizing shelf space, knowing when certain products are demanded during the day. Increase productivity by electronically tracking employee performance. Concentrate on its core business, which is a true convenience store operation. S. Keretho/IT for Organization

Annual Surveys conducted by Datamation Research conducted in 1993-95 that the most important role of IS’s to support organization in their attempts to Increase productivity (reduce cost, increase effectiveness). Improve quality. Create competitive advantage. Attain company’s strategy. Reorganize and reengineer. Make better and more effective decisions. Respond quickly to customer needs and to changes in the business or its environment. Access a wealth of information. Improve creativity and innovation. Let’s call them - Critical Response Activities. S. Keretho/IT for Organization

Challenges and Opportunities Information Systems: Challenges and Opportunities Business Challenges Management Information Technology Information System Business Solutions Organization S. Keretho/IT for Organization

S. Keretho/IT for Organization BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT GLOBALIZATION INDUSTRIAL ECONOMIES TRANSFORMATION OF ENVIRONMENT S. Keretho/IT for Organization

S. Keretho/IT for Organization GLOBALIZATION MANAGEMENT & CONTROL COMPETITION IN WORLD MARKETS GLOBAL WORK GROUPS GLOBAL DELIVERY SYSTEMS S. Keretho/IT for Organization

S. Keretho/IT for Organization TRANSFORMATION KNOWLEDGE-BASED ECONOMIES PRODUCTIVITY NEW PRODUCTS & SERVICES KNOWLEDGE AS AN ASSET TIME-BASED COMPETITION SHORTER PRODUCT LIFE TURBULENT ENVIRONMENT LIMITED EMPLOYEE KNOWLEDGE BASE S. Keretho/IT for Organization

TRANSFORMATION OF ENTERPRISE FLATTENING DECENTRALIZATION FLEXIBILITY LOCATION INDEPENDENCE LOW TRANSACTION COSTS EMPOWERMENT COLLABORATIVE WORK S. Keretho/IT for Organization

KNOWLEDGE- AND INFORMATION-INTENSE PRODUCTS PRODUCTS THAT REQUIRE A GREAT DEAL OF LEARNING & KNOWLEDGE TO PRODUCE S. Keretho/IT for Organization

LABOR FORCE COMPOSITION 1900-1992 60 50 40 Blue Collar 44.9 30 Farm 37.5 % OF THE LABOR FORCE White Collar 17.6 20 10 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1992 S. Keretho/IT for Organization Source: Laudon & Loudon 1997

S. Keretho/IT for Organization SYSTEM INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT FEEDBACK S. Keretho/IT for Organization

S. Keretho/IT for Organization FUNCTIONS OF AN INFORMATION SYSTEM ENVIRONMENT Customers Suppliers ORGANIZATION INFORMATION SYSTEM INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT FEEDBACK Regulatory Stockholders Competitors Agencies S. Keretho/IT for Organization

S. Keretho/IT for Organization INFORMATION SYSTEMS ORGANIZATIONS TECHNOLOGY INFORMATION SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT S. Keretho/IT for Organization

Approaches to Information Systems TECHNICAL APPROACHES COMPUTER SCIENCE OPERATIONS RESEARCH MANAGEMENT SCIENCE MIS SOCIOLOGY POLITICAL SCIENCE PSYCHOLOGY BEHAVIORAL APPROACHES S. Keretho/IT for Organization

SYSTEM INTERDEPENDENCE HARDWARE BUSINESS Strategy Rules Procedures SOFTWARE DATABASE TELE-COMMUNICATIONS ORGANIZATION INFORMATION SYSTEM S. Keretho/IT for Organization

S. Keretho/IT for Organization SCOPE OF INFO SYSTEMS 1950s: TECHNICAL CHANGES 60s-70s: MANAGERIAL CONTROL 80s-90s: INSTITUTIONAL CORE ACTIVITIES Growing Importance S. Keretho/IT for Organization

NEW OPTIONS FOR ORGANIZATIONAL DESIGN FLATTENING ORGANIZATIONS SEPARATING WORK FROM LOCATION INCREASING FLEXIBILITY REFINING ORGANIZATIONAL BOUNDARIES ELECTRONIC COMMERCE REORGANIZING WORK FLOWS * S. Keretho/IT for Organization

S. Keretho/IT for Organization VIRTUAL ORGANIZATION MANUFACTURING COMPANY DESIGN COMPANY CORE COMPANY SALES & MARKETING COMPANY LOGISTICS COMPANY FINANCE COMPANY S. Keretho/IT for Organization

CHALLENGE OF INFO SYSTEMS STRATEGIC: COMPETITIVE & EFFECTIVE GLOBALIZATION: MULTINATIONAL INFO INFO ARCHITECTURE: SUPPORT GOALS INVESTMENT: VALUE OF INFORMATION RESPONSIBILITY & CONTROL: ETHICS * S. Keretho/IT for Organization

WHAT YOU CAN DO ON THE INTERNET COMMUNICATE & COLLABORATE ACCESS INFORMATION DISCUSSIONS OBTAIN INFORMATION ENTERTAINMENT BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS S. Keretho/IT for Organization

S. Keretho/IT for Organization 1.19 S. Keretho/IT for Organization