D I G I T A L 4.0 Noun ENG M.2 Sem. 1 Grammar • Change of meaning

D I G I T A L 4.0 Noun ENG M.2 Sem. 1 Grammar • Change of meaning
• บางคำสามารถเป็นคำนามนับได้หรือนามนับไม่ได้ซึ่งจะเปลี่ยนความหมาย โดยความหมายที่เป็นนามนับไม่ได้มักนิยมใช้โดยทั่วไป a fish (the animal) some fish (a portion of food) a business (a company) business (in general) a noise (a specific noise) noise (in general) a hair (a single piece) hair (all together) I T A L 4.0

a painting (one object) painting (the activity/hobby) a work (a work of art) work (in general) a loaf (a loaf of bread) some bread (in general) a coffee (a cup of coffee) some coffee (the material) a paper (a newspaper) some paper (the material) a wood (a small forest) some wood (the material) I T A L 4.0

an iron (for pressing clothes) some iron (the material) a glass (for drinking) some glass (the material) I heard a strange noise. I can’t stand noise. I bought a painting last week. Do you like painting? Diana had a very good education. Education is very important. I T A L 4.0

A knowledge of boat is useful. Knowledge is the key to success. Can you buy a loaf form the shop? Can you buy some bread form the shop? I T A L 4.0

D I G I T A L 4.0 Noun ENG M.2 Sem. 1 Grammar
• Other groups of nouns (กลุ่มของคำนามอื่นๆ)  คำนามบางคำมีแค่ในรูปพหูพจน์ และใช้กับกริยาในรูปพหูพจน์ เช่น clothes, contents, feelings, glasses (for your eyes), jeans, stairs, trousers. My trousers are too tight. The stairs are very steep. I T A L 4.0

• Other groups of nouns (กลุ่มของคำนามอื่นๆ)  คำนามบางคำสามารถใช้กับกริยาได้ทั้งรูปเอกพจน์หรือพหูพจน์ เช่น army, audience, class, company, crowd, family, government, group, public, team. The Government has/have decided to resign. I T A L 4.0

• Other groups of nouns (กลุ่มของคำนามอื่นๆ)  คำว่า news มักจะตามด้วยกริยาที่อยู่ในรูปเอกพจน์ The news is on.  คำว่า ‘police’ มักจะตามด้วยกริยาที่อยู่ในรูปพหูพจน์ The police are coming. I T A L 4.0

Exercise 1 : Underline the correct word or phrase in each sentence. 1. How much/How many pastas have we got? 2. Jane’s advice was/were not very useful. 3. Where is/are my new trousers? 4. I’m afraid we haven’t much/many time. I T A L 4.0

Exercise 1 : Underline the correct word or phrase in each sentence. 5. Paul went to buy a/some glass so he could fix the broken windows. 6. I’ve found the milk but I can’t find a/some glass. 7. I put some/any chocolate somewhere, but where is it? 8. How much/How many furniture shops are there? I T A L 4.0

Exercise 2: Put one word in each space. Put a dash (-) if the space should be blank. 1. My trousers need an ironing. Have you got an iron? 2. I’d like __________ information about trains to Paris. 3. Haya bought__________ paper and read it on the bus. 4. Do you know__________ people in this village? I T A L 4.0

Exercise 2: Put one word in each space. Put a dash (-) if the space should be blank. 5. Peter has__________ very good health. 6. The war could have ended__________ years ago. 7. Could you go to the baker’s and buy__________ loaf, please? 8. Could you give me__________ advice, please? I T A L 4.0

Exercise 3: Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence and contains the word in bold. 1. Let me tell you what I think you should do. advice Let me give you some advice I T A L 4.0

Exercise 3: Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence and contains the word in bold. 2. The book didn’t contain any useful information. no There ______________________in the book. 3. There isn’t a lot of water in the pool. much ____________________ water in the pool. I T A L 4.0

Exercise 3: Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence and contains the word in bold. 4. I have to wash my hair. Washing My hair _________________________________ 5. I need a clean pair of trousers. any I haven’t got ________________________________ I T A L 4.0

Exercise 4: Choose the best alternative, a) or b0, to complete each sentence. 1. The fire is going to go out. Can you go and get some wood ? a) a wood b) some wood 2. Lemonade? Sorry, no, we haven’t got ____________ a) some b) any I T A L 4.0

Exercise 4: Choose the best alternative, a) or b0, to complete each sentence. 3. Tom keeps ____________at the bottom of his garden. a) A chicken b) some chicken 4. ____________ people were there on the bus? a) How many b) How much I T A L 4.0

Exercise 4: Choose the best alternative, a) or b0, to complete each sentence. 5. Look at Sarah’s hair____________! a) It’s green b) They’re green 6. ____________ money all over the floor. a) There was b) There were I T A L 4.0

Exercise 4: Choose the best alternative, a) or b0, to complete each sentence. 7. The assembly hall was full of ____________ a) a noise b) noise 8. The information we were given ____________ a) Were very useful b) was very useful I T A L 4.0

Exercise 4: Choose the best alternative, a) or b0, to complete each sentence. 9. I have call the police and ____________ a) They’re on their way b) it’ on its way I T A L 4.0

Exercise 5: Complete each sentence with one suitable word. 1. I wanted to have a bath but there wasn’t any hot water 2. You can’t cut that with a knife. You need some ____________ 3. We need some bread. Could you buy a large ____________? 4. Coach’s eyesight was bad and he had to have new __________ I T A L 4.0

Exercise 5: Complete each sentence with one suitable word. 5. Lilly had to pay extra at the airport because she has too much __________ 6. When is the _______________ on? I haven’t heard any today. 7. When the burglar ran out of the house he was arrested by a __________ 8. If you want to make an omelet there some __________ in the fridge. I T A L 4.0

Exercise 6: Circle the noun that does not belong to the group Example: doctor dentist clerk nurse 1. parents daughter neighbor’s aunt 2. monk priest nun student 3. Thailand Japan Paris Canada 4. mango fly cat crab 5. pencil eraser ruler bowl I T A L 4.0

Exercise 6: Circle the noun that does not belong to the group 6. roof pavement garage wall 7. actress nurse brother princess 8. mechanic hospital bank theater 9. train aero plane bicycle house 10. salt meat chicken pork I T A L 4.0

Exercise 7: Write the plurals of the words in this box to fill the spaces in the story. Mixed Up Dan was out in the woods when he met two poor old (1) w_______ gathering bundles of sticks. Their (2) d_______ torn and covered in (3) p_______ Dan offers to help. I bush woman patch card witch dress branch wish box trick T A L 4.0

Exercise 7: Write the plurals of the words in this box to fill the spaces in the story. When he had gathered a pile of (4) b_______, the older woman said, “You have been kind to us. We are (5) w_______ and we should like to give you one of our (6) w_______” I bush woman patch card witch dress branch wish box trick T A L 4.0

Exercise 7: Write the plurals of the words in this box to fill the spaces in the story. “Please turn me into a good speller,” Dan said. The witch smiled at him sadly and said, “we are not allowed to tell you our secret spells, but we can give you some magic. It is in two (7) b_______ which are hidden behind those (8) b_______,” Eagerly, Dan opened the boxes. I bush woman patch card witch dress branch wish box trick T A L 4.0

Exercise 7: Write the plurals of the words in this box to fill the spaces in the story. Inside the first were two packs of (9) c_______ the other held a book called ‘My First Book of Easy Card (10) T_______’ I bush woman patch card witch dress branch wish box trick T A L 4.0

Exercise 8: Underline the nouns in these sentence. e.g. My sister is a teacher. 1. Cats like to eat fish. 2. There are two tables in that room. 3. Our teacher is talking to the principal. 4. Have you got a servant? 5. Is there any juice in the jug? I T A L 4.0

Exercise 8: Underline the nouns in these sentence. e.g. My sister is a teacher. 6. Mu little puppy is two months old. 7. How many oranges are there in the basket? 8. Please put my bag on the desk. 9. Her niece is a nice girl. 10. Doctors work in a hospital. I T A L 4.0

Exercise 8: Underline the nouns in these sentence. e.g. My sister is a teacher. 11. He is my uncle. 12. Our neighbor has a parrot. 13. Did you go to the bank yesterday? 14. The baby I sleeping in the cradle. 15. The little boy broke the window. I T A L 4.0

Exercise 8: Underline the nouns in these sentence. e.g. My sister is a teacher. 16. That glass is full of milk. 17. His father is always busy. 18. The kite is flying in the sky. 19. My dog always barks at my friends. 20. The wind is blowing the clouds away. I T A L 4.0

Exercise 9: Fill the blank with nouns. e.g. I write with a pen. 1. My _______ is studying in her bedroom. 2. The _______ is very hot. 3. Are these your _______? 4. This _______ is very sweet. 5. We are going to the _______. I T A L 4.0

Exercise 9: Fill the blank with nouns. 6. There is a _______ on my desk. 7. The _______ are playing in the _______ . 8. He is my _______. 9. I bought the chicken from the _______. 10. The carpenter is making a _______. I T A L 4.0

Exercise 10: Fill the blank with the right words in the brackets. e.g. A carpenter makes tables and chairs. (nurse, carpenter, teacher) 1. A _______ looks after sick people. (farmer, teacher, nurse) 2. A _______ barks. (duck, horse, dog) 3. A king lives in a _______ (church, house, palace) 4. Horses live in a place called a _______ (house, farm, stable) 5. A _______ makes woman’s clothes. (tailor, dressmaker, butcher) I T A L 4.0

Exercise 10: Fill the blank with the right words in the brackets. 6. A spider lives in a _______ (nest, tree, web) 7. A _______ sells meat. (baker, butcher, salesman) 8. We can borrow books from a _______(cafeteria, lobby, library) 9. A _______ sell stamps. (post-office, theater, grocery) 10. A young cat is called a _______(kitten, lamp, puppy) I T A L 4.0

Exercise 11: Fill in the blank with the words given in the box. e.g. He is reading a book. 1. The boys are swimming in the _______. 2. My aunt is picking _______ in the garden. 3. Cats like to catch _______. 4. The _______ brings us letters. I clock , sty , cat , book , wood , mice , kitchen , postman flowers , animals , table , fisherman , sea , balls , field T A L 4.0

Exercise 11: Fill in the blank with the words given in the box. e.g. He is reading a book. 5. Pigs are kept in a place called a _______. 6. Children are playing in the _______. 7. The _______ caught a lot of fish in this morning. 8. Wild _______ are kept in the zoo. I clock , sty , cat , book , wood , mice , kitchen , postman flowers , animals , table , fisherman , sea , balls , field T A L 4.0

Exercise 11: Fill in the blank with the words given in the box. e.g. He is reading a book. 9. Is your mother cooking in the _______? 10. A chair is made of _______. I clock , sty , cat , book , wood , mice , kitchen , postman flowers , animals , table , fisherman , sea , balls , field T A L 4.0

Exercise 12: Fill in the blank with the words given in the box. e.g. He is reading a book. 1. A _______ is a place where things are made. 2. A _______ is an insect. 3. Children should drink _______ everyday. I referee , grocery , milk , dirt , dress , factory , medical center , zoo , grass , grasshopper , stable , medicate , children , ball T A L 4.0

Exercise 12: Fill in the blank with the words given in the box. e.g. He is reading a book. 4. Some _______ are playing in the playground. 5. My mother bought some sugar from that _______. 6. A _______ is a place where doctors and nurses work. I referee , grocery , milk , dirt , dress , factory , medical center , zoo , grass , grasshopper , stable , medicate , children , ball T A L 4.0

Exercise 12: Fill in the blank with the words given in the box. e.g. He is reading a book. 7. We can see different kinds of animals at the _______. 8. A horse lives in a _______. 9. The maid is wiping the table because there is _______ on it. 10. Kate is sewing a _______ for her sister. I referee , grocery , milk , dirt , dress , factory , medical center , zoo , grass , grasshopper , stable , medicate , children , ball T A L 4.0

Exercise 13: Pick out the nouns in the following sentences. e.g. He lives in an old house on the hill (house, hill) 1. The student is listening attentively to the teacher. _______________________________________. 2. The manager ordered his staff to attend the meeting. 3. Some children do not like milk and vegetable. I T A L 4.0

Exercise 13: Pick out the nouns in the following sentences. 4. That old man hasn’t got any money. _______________________________________. 5. She took some coins out of her handbag. _______________________________________. 6. The boy threw a ball to the monkey. I T A L 4.0

Exercise 13: Pick out the nouns in the following sentences. 7. My mother and her friend have gone to the market. _______________________________________. 8. Many people were kill during the war. _______________________________________. 9. The scout is camping near the beach. _______________________________________. I T A L 4.0

Exercise 13: Pick out the nouns in the following sentences. 10. Is there a post-office in this village? _______________________________________. I T A L 4.0

Exercise 14: Pick out the nouns in the following sentences. e.g. The fairy changed the pumpkin into ta coach. fairy, pumpkin, coach 1. A peacock is a very fascinating bird. _______________________________________. 2. A few squirrels are climbing up the big tree. I T A L 4.0

Exercise 14: Pick out the nouns in the following sentences. e.g. The fairy changed the pumpkin into ta coach. fairy, pumpkin, coach 3. Do you know what a baby lion is called? _______________________________________. 4. She forgot to paste a stamp on her letter. _______________________________________. I T A L 4.0

Exercise 14: Pick out the nouns in the following sentences. e.g. The fairy changed the pumpkin into ta coach. fairy, pumpkin, coach 5. The workers listened quietly to their supervisor. _______________________________________. 6. The postman put the letters into the mailbox. _______________________________________. I T A L 4.0

Exercise 14: Pick out the nouns in the following sentences. e.g. The fairy changed the pumpkin into ta coach. fairy, pumpkin, coach 7. Those two women always quarrel with their neighbor. _______________________________________. 8. The wicked witch turned the prince into an ugly frog. _______________________________________. I T A L 4.0

Exercise 14: Pick out the nouns in the following sentences. e.g. The fairy changed the pumpkin into ta coach. fairy, pumpkin, coach 9. The smoke is coming out of the chimney. _______________________________________. 10. Pyramids are found only in Egypt. _______________________________________. I T A L 4.0

Exercise 15: Fill in the blank with suitable nouns. e.g. I wrote a letter to my friend last night. 1. The bird is flying high in the __________. 2. The __________ is sleeping soundly in the cradle. 3. Peach bought some mangoes and oranges from the _________. 4. We saw a lot of __________ swimming in the river. 5. The __________ was caught by the police last night. I T A L 4.0

Exercise 15: Fill in the blank with suitable nouns. e.g. I wrote a letter to my friend last night. 6. The meat of a __________ is called pork. 7. The farmer uses a __________ to plough his fields. 8. Jim is my uncle because he is my father’s __________. 9. We see with our __________. 10. Sick people are treated in a __________. I T A L 4.0

Expression of Quantity
D 1 E 2 S E M N G ม. I G I T Expression of Quantity A L 4.0

D Expression of Quantity ENG M.2 Sem. 1 I Grammar All - เราใช้ all กับรูปพหูพจน์ และ กริยาพหูพจน์ All students are expected to arrive on time. - คำว่า all day night, all the time, the noun เป็นเอกพจน์ - คำว่า all (of) the … เราสามารถแทนที่ได้ด้วย possessive adjective (my etc.). All (of) the tickets for the match had been sold. All (of) the friends have bikes. G I T A L 4.0

D Expression of Quantity ENG M.2 Sem. 1 I Grammar All - เราสามารถใช้ not แล้วตามด้วย all. Not all students have bikes. Not all (of) my friends have bike. - all แล้วตามด้วย pronoun ใช้ในการเริ่มต้นประโยค All I want is some peace and quiet. All I need is ฿400! All I have is ฿50! G I T A L 4.0

D Expression of Quantity ENG M.2 Sem. 1 I Grammar All - All โดยปกติจะไม่ค่อยใช้เพียงคำโดดๆ เพียงคำเดียว นอกจากเราจะใช้คำว่า everything Tell me everything that happened on your holiday. (NOT Tell me all that happened…) G I T A L 4.0

D Expression of Quantity ENG M.2 Sem. 1 I Grammar Some - โดยปกติ some จะใช้กับคำนามพหูพจน์และกริยา หรือจะใช้ในรูป some of the… - some จะไม่ใช้กับ not Some students are expected to help. Some of the ticket for the match had been sold. G I T A L 4.0

D Expression of Quantity ENG M.2 Sem. 1 I Grammar No, none • No - ใช้ no กับคำนามเอกพจน์หรือพหูพจน์ No students arrived on time for the last lesson! No student arrived on time for the last lesson! G I T A L 4.0

D Expression of Quantity ENG M.2 Sem. 1 I Grammar No, none • No - หากมีคำอื่นที่มีความหมายเชิงปฎิเสธ เราจะใช้ any (not no). I didn’t see any students arriving on time for the last lesson. G I T A L 4.0

D Expression of Quantity ENG M.2 Sem. 1 I Grammar No, none • None - ใช้ none of the และตามด้วยคำนาม หรือจะใช้ none โดยไม่มีคำ ตามท้ายก็ได้ None of the guests are here yet. “Were there any letters for me? ” “Sorry, none for you.” G I T A L 4.0

D Expression of Quantity ENG M.2 Sem. 1 I Grammar No, none • None - สังเกตเห็นว่าในตัวอย่างแรก คำกริยาอยู่ในรูปพหูพจน์ “are” ซึ่งนิยมใช้แม้ว่ากริยาในรูปเอกพจน์จะใช้ได้ - เราจะไม่ใช้ no of … หรือ no the… G I T A L 4.0

D Expression of Quantity ENG M.2 Sem. 1 I Grammar No, none • None - ใช้ none at all, or not one, or not a … เพื่อแสดงถึงความหนักแน่นของประโยค “How many people were surfing? —› “None at all!” “How many people were surfing? —› “Not one!” “How many people were surfing? —› “Not a single one!” G I T A L 4.0

D Expression of Quantity ENG M.2 Sem. 1 I Grammar No, none • None Examples: Not one person has done any homework! I haven’t had a single call today. G I T A L 4.0

D Expression of Quantity ENG M.2 Sem. 1 I Grammar Each, every - ความหมายของ each และ every มีความคล้ายคลึงกัน ซึ่งสามารถใช้ได้ทั้งคู่เพราะทั้ง 2 คำนี้ตามด้วยคำนามเอกพจน์ Each/Every person in the room was wearing a hat. G I T A L 4.0

D Expression of Quantity ENG M.2 Sem. 1 I Grammar Each, every - เราใช้ each เมื่อใช้กับสมาชิกของกลุ่มแต่ละคน She spent some time talking to each person in the room. - Each ส่วนมากจะใช้บอก จำนวนหนึ่งชิ้น/คน/อัน There were ten people in the room. Each one was wearing a hat. G I T A L 4.0

D Expression of Quantity ENG M.2 Sem. 1 I Grammar Each, every - Each of…ใช้นำหน้าประธาน: Each of you can carry one parcel. - Each ยังสามารถใช้ตามหลังประธาน หรือไว้ลงท้ายประโยค My sisters each have their own room. My uncle gave my brother and I $ 50 each. ( = gave $50 to each of us) G I T A L 4.0

D Expression of Quantity ENG M.2 Sem. 1 I Grammar Each, every - เราใช้ every เมื่อใช้กับจำนวนทั้งหมดรวมเข้าด้วยกัน Every box was wrapped in colored paper. - เราไม่ใช้ every of. และห้ามใช้ every หลังจากประธาน หรือลงท้ายประโยค G I T A L 4.0

D Expression of Quantity ENG M.2 Sem. 1 I Grammar Both, either, neither - Both + คำนามพหูพจน์ + กริยา โดยอ้างถึงสิ่ง 2 สิ่ง หมายความว่า หนึ่ง...และอื่นๆ Both people / Both the people / Both of the people in the room were wearing hats. The people in the room were both wearing hats. There were two people in the room. Both (of them) were wearing hats. Both of you can help me. You can both help me. G I T A L 4.0

D Expression of Quantity ENG M.2 Sem. 1 I Grammar Both, either, neither - Either + คำนามเอกพจน์+ กริยา หมายความว่า สิ่งนี้หรืออีกสิ่งหนึ่ง We can paint it green or blue. Either colour matches the walls. - เมื่อเราใช้ either กับ “end” หรือ “side” จะทำให้ความหมาย เปลี่ยนแปลงไปทั้งคู่. There are trees on either side of the street. G I T A L 4.0

D Expression of Quantity ENG M.2 Sem. 1 I Grammar Both, either, neither - Either of + the + คำนามพหูพจน์ และ either + zero article + คำนามเอกพจน์ Either of the books / Either book will be very useful. G I T A L 4.0

D Expression of Quantity ENG M.2 Sem. 1 I Grammar Both, either, neither - Neither หมายความว่า ไม่ทั้งสอง / ไม่ใช้ทั้ง อันนี้ และอันนั้น We can’t paint it green or blue. Neither colour matches the walls. There are trees on neither side of the street. Neither of these books will be useful. G I T A L 4.0

D Expression of Quantity ENG M.2 Sem. 1 I Grammar Exercise 1: Underline the correct word or phrase in each sentence. 1. There were none/no people at the bus stop. 2. Sorry, but I can’t hear either/ neither of you properly. 3. My two brothers each/every have their own car. 4. When I got on my bike I noticed that both tyres / every tyre were flat. 5. Some of/Some restaurants charge extra for bread. 6. Not one/ Not no student has come late this week! G I T A L 4.0

D Expression of Quantity ENG M.2 Sem. 1 I Grammar Exercise 2: Put one suitable word in each space. 1. I sent letters to ten people, but_________ ________ replied 2. I tried________ the supermarkets, but ________ one was closed. 3. Both roads lead to the city center. You can take________ one. 4. I had two phone calls, but there were ________ for you, I’m afraid. 5. ________ I ate for breakfast was a banana. 6. I’m sorry, but there are ________ tickets left for the show. G not one I T A L 4.0

D Expression of Quantity ENG M.2 Sem. 1 I Grammar Exercise 3: Rewrite each sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence and contains the word in bold. 2. Not one of my friends has got a car. none ____________________________________________. 3. This chair not comfortable, and nor is the other one. Neither G I T A L 4.0

D Expression of Quantity ENG M.2 Sem. 1 I Grammar Exercise 3: Rewrite each sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence and contains the word in bold. 4. Nobody at all came to the meeting. single ____________________________________________. 5. There weren’t any boys in the class. No G I T A L 4.0

D Expression of Quantity ENG M.2 Sem. 1 I Grammar Exercise 3: Rewrite each sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence and contains the word in bold. 6. The two books are interesting. both ____________________________________________. 7. We only want to try our new computer game. all G I T A L 4.0

D Expression of Quantity ENG M.2 Sem. 1 I Grammar Exercise 4: Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence. 1. These books aren’t interesting. None____________________________________________. 2. Not all the questions in the test were easy. Some ___________________________________________. G I T A L 4.0

D Expression of Quantity ENG M.2 Sem. 1 I Grammar Exercise 4: Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence. 3 The hotels were both unsuitable. Neither ________________________________________. 4 Nobody in the team played badly. All ____________________________________________. G I T A L 4.0

D Expression of Quantity ENG M.2 Sem. 1 I Grammar Exercise 4: Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence. 5 No one replied to my letter. Not a __________________________________________. 6 Jim and his brother Johnny are ill. Both ___________________________________________. G I T A L 4.0

D Expression of Quantity ENG M.2 Sem. 1 I Grammar Exercise 4: Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence. 7 You have only ten minutes left. All ______________________________________________. 8 The police searched all the houses in the street. Every ___________________________________________. G I T A L 4.0

D Expression of Quantity ENG M.2 Sem. 1 I Grammar Exercise 5: Underline the correct continuation of each sentence. 1. We looked at two different houses but… a) Both of them were too small. b) either of them was too small. 2. Lisa invited a dozen guests to her party but … a) No turned up. b) none turned up. G I T A L 4.0

D Expression of Quantity ENG M.2 Sem. 1 I Grammar Exercise 5: Underline the correct continuation of each sentence. 3. Tom and Thomas are well behaved, but please let me know if … a) Both of them misbehave. b) either of misbehave. 4. Suzan feels so tired because she … a) didn’t sleep for a single moment. b) slept all for a moment. G I T A L 4.0

D Expression of Quantity ENG M.2 Sem. 1 I Grammar Exercise 5: Underline the correct continuation of each sentence. 5. Write down the number of the car on this list… a) each time one passes. b) all time one passes. 6. How many presents did you get on your birthday?... a) One at all. b) None at all. G I T A L 4.0

D Expression of Quantity ENG M.2 Sem. 1 I Grammar Exercise 5: Underline the correct continuation of each sentence. 7. There were ten people standing at the bus stop and … a) all people had umbrellas. b) each one had an umbrella. 8. We wrote all our answers on the blackboard but… a) no one of us was right. b) none of us right. G I T A L 4.0

D Expression of Quantity ENG M.2 Sem. 1 I Grammar Exercise 6: Complete the sentences with “some or any” 1. Are there _____________ rabbits in the garden? 2. There are _____________ policeman in the station. 3. There isn’t _____________ milk in the fridge. 4. Please buy me _____________ stamps at the post office. G I T A L 4.0

D Expression of Quantity ENG M.2 Sem. 1 I Grammar Exercise 6: Complete the sentences with “some or any” 5. There were _____________ apples here a minute ago. 6. There aren’t _____________ glasses on the table. 7. I have _____________ tea, but I don’t have _____________ sugar. G I T A L 4.0

D Expression of Quantity ENG M.2 Sem. 1 I Grammar Exercise 7: Complete the sentences with “some”, “any”, “much”, “many”. 1. A: I’d like _____________ eggs, please. B: Of course. How _____________ would you like? A: Six please. Are there _____________ tomatoes? B: Certainly. How do you need? A: A kilo, please. G I T A L 4.0

D Expression of Quantity ENG M.2 Sem. 1 I Grammar Exercise 7: Complete the sentences with “some”, “any”, “much”, “many”. 2. A: I’d like _____________ olive oil. B: How _____________ do you need? A: Half a bottle. Is there _____________ flour? B: Certainly. How do you need? A: A kilo, please. G I T A L 4.0

D Expression of Quantity ENG M.2 Sem. 1 I Grammar Exercise 8: Complete the sentences with “some”, “any”, “how much”, “how many”, “a few” or “a little”. 1. A: _____________ bananas would you like, sir? B: Just _____________, please. 2. A: Can I have _____________ milk? B: Sorry, we haven’t got _____________ milk? G I T A L 4.0

D Expression of Quantity ENG M.2 Sem. 1 I Grammar Exercise 8: Complete the sentences with “some”, “any”, “how much”, “how many”, “a few” or “a little”. 3. A: _____________ bread would you like? B: Just _____________ , please. 4. A: _____________ potatoes do we have? B: We have only _____________ . G I T A L 4.0

D Expression of Quantity ENG M.2 Sem. 1 I Grammar Exercise 8: Complete the sentences with “some”, “any”, “how much”, “how many”, “a few” or “a little”. 5. A: _____________ oranges do we need? B: We don’t need _____________ oranges. 6. A: _____________ sugar would you like in your coffee? B: Just _____________, please. G I T A L 4.0

D Expression of Quantity ENG M.2 Sem. 1 I Grammar Exercise 8: Complete the sentences with “some”, “any”, “how much”, “how many”, “a few” or “a little”. 7. A: Could I have _____________ tea, please? B: Of course. Would you like _____________ biscuits, too? G I T A L 4.0

D Expression of Quantity ENG M.2 Sem. 1 I Grammar Exercise 9: Full in the blanks with “some or any” e.g. There aren’t any pictures on the wall. 1. There aren’t coins in my piggy bank. 2. She hasn’t got money in her purse. 3. There are children in the playground. 4. There is ice in the freezer. G I T A L 4.0

D Expression of Quantity ENG M.2 Sem. 1 I Grammar Exercise 9: Full in the blanks with “some or any” e.g. There aren’t any pictures on the wall. 5. Is there milk in the jug? Some dogs are barking. 7. There isn’t rice in the pot. 8. Are there magazines in your bag? 9. Don’t buy flowers from that florist. 10. Joy lost books yesterday. G I T A L 4.0

D Expression of Quantity ENG M.2 Sem. 1 I Grammar Exercise 10: Change these sentences into negative and change “some”to “any” e.g. We buy some apple. We don’t buy any apples. 1. I bought something to eat. ________________________________________________ 2. We are some bread. G I T A L 4.0

D Expression of Quantity ENG M.2 Sem. 1 I Grammar Exercise 10: Change these sentences into negative and change “some”to “any” e.g. We buy some apple. We don’t buy any apples. 3. There is some water in the jug. ________________________________________________ 4. Tim made some tea for us ________________________________________________ G I T A L 4.0

D Expression of Quantity ENG M.2 Sem. 1 I Grammar Exercise 10: Change these sentences into negative and change “some”to “any” e.g. We buy some apple. We don’t buy any apples. 5. The child wants some rice. ________________________________________________ 6. Andy has some toys ________________________________________________ G I T A L 4.0

D Expression of Quantity ENG M.2 Sem. 1 I Grammar Exercise 10: Change these sentences into negative and change “some”to “any” e.g. We buy some apple. We don’t buy any apples. 7. Our grandparents gave us some boxes. ________________________________________________ 8. There are some birds in the sky ________________________________________________ G I T A L 4.0

D Expression of Quantity ENG M.2 Sem. 1 I Grammar Exercise 10: Change these sentences into negative and change “some”to “any” e.g. We buy some apple. We don’t buy any apples. 9. That man has got some new clothes. ________________________________________________ 10. She sold some pictures. G I T A L 4.0

D Expression of Quantity ENG M.2 Sem. 1 I Grammar Exercise 11: Write out each sentence by joining the words in brackets with “some” or “any”. e.g. Is there (thing) in this box? Is there anything in this box? 1. (one) is knocking at the door. _____________________________________________ 2. Jason put (thing) in his bag. G I T A L 4.0

D Expression of Quantity ENG M.2 Sem. 1 I Grammar Exercise 11: Write out each sentence by joining the words in brackets with “some” or “any”. e.g. Is there (thing) in this box? Is there anything in this box? 3. I didn’t talk to (body) last night. _____________________________________________ 4. (body) has taken my English book. _____________________________________________ G I T A L 4.0

D Expression of Quantity ENG M.2 Sem. 1 I Grammar Exercise 11: Write out each sentence by joining the words in brackets with “some” or “any”. e.g. Is there (thing) in this box? Is there anything in this box? 5. There is (one) standing outside. _____________________________________________ 6. Has (one) called me this morning? _____________________________________________ G I T A L 4.0

D Expression of Quantity ENG M.2 Sem. 1 I Grammar Exercise 11: Write out each sentence by joining the words in brackets with “some” or “any”. e.g. Is there (thing) in this box? Is there anything in this box? 7. There isn’t (thing) left in the refrigerator. _____________________________________________ 8. Is (body) going to the bank this afternoon? _____________________________________________ G I T A L 4.0

D Expression of Quantity ENG M.2 Sem. 1 I Grammar Exercise 11: Write out each sentence by joining the words in brackets with “some” or “any”. e.g. Is there (thing) in this box? Is there anything in this box? 9. The teacher doesn’t want to see (one). _____________________________________________ G I T A L 4.0

D Expression of Quantity ENG M.2 Sem. 1 I Grammar Exercise 12: Complete the sentences with “some”and word from the box. 1. I want ________ on my sandwich. 2. Tony borrowed ________ about history from the library. 3. I need to put ________ in the car. It’s nearly empty. 4. Would you like to listen to ________? I have a new CD. G I stamps photos Petrol music furniture cheese people books T A L 4.0

D Expression of Quantity ENG M.2 Sem. 1 I Grammar Exercise 12: Complete the sentences with “some” and word from the box. 5. We took ________ on our holiday in Japan. Would you like to see them? 6. Are you going to the post office? Could you buy me ________ for these letters? 7. ________ like flying, but other people don’t. 8. I’d like to buy ________ for my living room. G I stamps photos Petrol music furniture cheese people books T A L 4.0

D Expression of Quantity ENG M.2 Sem. 1 I Grammar Exercise 13: Complete the sentences with ‘a’, ‘an’ or ‘some’. 1. Would you like __________ apple or __________ strawberries? 2. Would you like __________ rice? 3. She bought __________ gold and put it I the bank. 4. I usually have __________ biscuit and __________ cup of tea at 11 a.m. 5. There are __________ beautiful mountains near here. G I T A L 4.0

D Expression of Quantity ENG M.2 Sem. 1 I Grammar Exercise 13: Complete the sentences with ‘a’, ‘an’ or ‘some’. 6. I sent her __________ pictures of my cat. 7. He sent me __________ books. 8. I think my dog needs __________ holiday. 9. I have __________ Italian pen friend. 10. The book has __________ information about __________ famous museums in Rome. G I T A L 4.0

D Expression of Quantity ENG M.2 Sem. 1 I Grammar Exercise 14: Complete the sentences with “any”and word from the box. 1. Anan likes to do things by herself; she doesn’t want _____________. 2. No, I’m not thirsty – I don’t want ______________ . 3. Our team hasn’t won ______________. 4. Tony doesn’t speak ______________. 5. I couldn’t find ______________ at the shop. 6. I didn’t get ______________ at night. G more to drink foreign languages sleep English newspapers games help I T A L 4.0

D Expression of Quantity ENG M.2 Sem. 1 I Grammar Exercise 15: Complete the sentences with “some” or “any” 1. Are there ______________ letters for me this morning? 2. I’m really thirsty. I’d like ______________ water, please. 3. Don’t buy ______________ bread at the shops. There’s a lot in the kitchen. 4. There aren’t ______________ shops in my village, just a post office and pub. 5. There was ______________ rain during the night. G I T A L 4.0

D Expression of Quantity ENG M.2 Sem. 1 I Grammar Exercise 15: Complete the sentences with “some” or “any” 6. I don’t have ______________ money in my pocket, but I have money in the bank. 7. I never have ______________ breakfast. I’m not hungry in the morning. 8. Are you Canadian? I have ______________ good friends in Canada. 9. Do you have ______________ brother or sisters? 10. I want ______________ cheese. It there ______________ in the fridge. G I T A L 4.0

D Expression of Quantity ENG M.2 Sem. 1 I Grammar Exercise 16: Write sentences with “some”. 1. (Ask for coffee ) Could I have ______________? 2. (Offer bread ) Would you like ______________? 3. (Offer rice ) ________________________. 4. (Ask for more milk ) ________________________. 5. (Ask for coffee ) ________________________. 6. (Ask for potatoes) ________________________. G I T A L 4.0

D Expression of Quantity ENG M.2 Sem. 1 I Grammar Exercise 17: Put the beginnings and ends together. 1. I was tired, so I went to bed without A. any rain 2. In August we had B. any work in the garden. 3. He never does C. Some rain. 4. You’re hungry. I’ll make you D. any supper. G I T A L 4.0

D Expression of Quantity ENG M.2 Sem. 1 I Grammar Exercise 17: Put the beginnings and ends together. 5. I finished the work without __________ E. any help. 6. I’m going to do __________ F. Some work in the house. 7. In February we hardly had __________ G. Some supper. G I T A L 4.0

D Expression of Quantity ENG M.2 Sem. 1 I Grammar Exercise 18: Complete the sentences. Use “some” or any without a noun. 1. I didn’t take any pictures, but _________________________(Amy / take) 2. “Do you need any money?” “No, thank you. _________________________.”( I / have) 3. “Where your luggage?” “_________________________.”( I / not / have) G I T A L 4.0

D Expression of Quantity ENG M.2 Sem. 1 I Grammar Exercise 18: Complete the sentences. Use “some” or any without a noun. 4. “Are there any cookies?” “_________________________.”( there / be) 5. You can have some, but _____________________.”( I / not / want) 6. The tomatoes weren’t very good, so _____________.”( I / not / buy) 7. There were some nice oranges at the store, so _____________________.”( I / buy) 8. “Can I borrow some money ?” “Sorry , _________________________.”( I / not / have) G I T A L 4.0

D 1 E 2 S E M N G ม. I G I T Modal Verb A L 4.0

D I G I T A L 4.0 Modal verbs ENG M.2 Sem. 1 Grammar
present and future • Modal verbs เป็นกริยาช่วย(auxiliary verb) ที่ใช้ประกอบกับกริยาหลัก (main verb) ได้แก่ can, could, will, would, may, might, shall, should and must. G I T A L 4.0

present and future • กฏการใช้ Modal verbs - Modal verbs 2 ตัวไม่สามารถใช้ติดกันได้ (NOT He can will meet you tomorrow.) - Modal verbs ตามด้วย infinitive without to (NOT He must to meet you tomorrow.) G I T A L 4.0

present and future • กฏการใช้ Modal verbs - Modal verbs ไม่มีรูปสรรพนามบุรุษที่ 3 (ที่เติมs) (NOT He cans meet you tomorrow.) - Modal verbs ไม่เติม –ing หรือ -ed (NOT I,m sorry I canned not meet you yesterday.) - Modal verbs ใช้ในรูปผกผันในประโยคคำถาม เช่น verb to be แต่ไม่ใช้ do/does. (NOT Do can you meet me tomorrow?) G I T A L 4.0

present and future • การตั้งคำถามใช้ Modal verb นำหน้าประธานในประโยค ส่วนประโยคปฏิเสธให้ใส่ not ตามหลัง modal verb ได้ทันที (ในภาษาพูดและการเขียนแบบไม่เป็นทางการ มักจะเขียนในรูปตัวย่อ –n’t). Can I …? I cannot (can’t) Could I…? I could not (couldn’t) G I T A L 4.0

present and future • Will I…? I will not (won’t) Would I…? I would not (wouldn’t) May I…? I may not Might I…? I might not Shall I…? I shall not (shan’t) Should I…? I should not (shouldn’t) Must I…? I must not (mustn’t) G I T A L 4.0

present and future • Modal verbs แสดงทัศนคติของผู้พูด หรือความรู้สึกเกี่ยวกับแต่ละสถานการณ์ เช่น มีความเป็นไปได้หรือมีความสำคัญมากเพียงใด และยังใช้ในข้อเสนอและการขอร้อง ซึ่ง Modal verb แต่ละคำอาจจะใช้ในหลายรูปแบบที่มีความหมายต่างกัน ขึ้นอยู่กับแต่ละสถานการณ์ G I T A L 4.0

present and future Ability (คำแสดงความสามารถ) • เราใช้ can และ can’t กับความสามารถ (หรือ cannot กับการเขียนแบบเป็นทางการ). I can swim. Can you swim? G I T A L 4.0

present and future Ability (คำแสดงความสามารถ) • Pronunciation (การออกเสียง): can is normally unstressed/k∂n/, but is stressed for emphasis /kæn/. A: Can you speak Chinese? B: No, but I can speak Japanese. G I T A L 4.0

present and future Ability (คำแสดงความสามารถ) • บางครั้งเราใช้ be able to แทนคำว่า can ซึ่ง Be able to ทำให้เป็นรูปประโยคได้ เช่น Will you be able to help me move my furniture tomorrow? G I T A L 4.0

present and future Ability (คำแสดงความสามารถ) • การใช้ can และ can’t สำหรับการอนุญาต เพื่อบอกว่าอนุญาตหรือไม่ อนุญาต Can I leave early, please? I can’t come skating tomorrow. G I T A L 4.0

present and future Certainty and uncertainty (ความแน่นอนและไม่แน่นอน) • คำต่อไปนี้แสดงถึงความเป็นไปได้ที่เรียงลำดับจากมากไปน้อย 100% certainty (แน่นอน) will 95%-100% deduction (การลดลง) must, can’t 80% expectation (คาดหวัง) should 30%-70% uncertainty (ไม่แน่นอน) may, might, could 0% certainty (แน่นอน) won’t G I T A L 4.0

present and future Certainty and uncertainty (ความแน่นอนและไม่แน่นอน) She can’t be in Italy! I saw her today! (I’m sure she isn’t – it’s impossible.) • ใช้ should เมื่อเราคาดหวังว่าบางอย่างจะเกิดขึ้น They should arrive here at about 6.30. G I T A L 4.0

present and future Certainty and uncertainty (ความแน่นอนและไม่แน่นอน) • ใช้ may, might และ could เมื่อรู้ว่าเหตุการณ์มีความไม่แน่นอน I may not have time to finish tonight. (I don’t know) President Jims might win the next election. (it’s possible) I may/might have some news for you next week. (perhaps I will) He could be stuck in the traffic. (perhaps he is) G I T A L 4.0

present and future Obligation (เงื่อนไข) • ใช้ must หรือ have to เพื่อแสดงความสำคัญของเหตุการณ์ I must finish my homework before 8.00. I have to phone Jan at 9.00. G I T A L 4.0

present and future Obligation (เงื่อนไข) • Have to , has to ไม่นับว่าเป็น modal verb Elsa has to leave now. Why does she have to go? You don’t have to do it. G I T A L 4.0

present and future Obligation (เงื่อนไข) • ระหว่าง must และ have to มีข้อแตกต่างในบางสถานการณ์ ในการพูดและการเขียนที่เป็นทางการ จะใช้ must หรือ have to ก็ได้. G I T A L 4.0

present and future Obligation (เงื่อนไข) - ใช้ have to เมื่อสถานการณ์แสดงถึงความจำเป็นหรือความสำคัญ เช่น เนื่องจากกฎของหน่วยงานนั้นๆ At our school, we have to wear a uniform. Every player in a football team has to have a number. When the traffic lights are red, you have to stop. G I T A L 4.0

present and future Obligation (เงื่อนไข) - ในการพูดแบบทั่วไป สามารถใช้ have got to แทนที่ have to. - ใช้ must เมื่อผู้พูดต้องการแสดงความสำคัญของสิ่งที่พูด You really must stop working so hard and try to relax. You must be here by 8.00, or the bus will leave without you. ข้อสังเกต ในการใช้ must ไม่ต้องมี to มาตามท้าย. G I T A L 4.0

present and future Obligation (เงื่อนไข) • ในประโยคปฏิเสธ mustn’t และ don’t have to ต่างมีความหมายที่ ต่างกัน - ใช้ mustn’t ในสถานการณ์ที่ต้องห้าม (prohibited/forbidden) You mustn’t cross the road when the red light is showing. - ใช้ don’t have to ในสถานการณ์ที่ไม่มีความจำเป็น – สามารถเลือกที่จะทำหรือไม่ก็ได้ You don’t have to turn to the central heating. It’s automatic. G I T A L 4.0

present and future Opinions and advice (ความคิดเห็นและข้อเสนอแนะ) • ใช้ should และ shouldn’t เพื่อบอกว่าสิ่งไหนควรทำหรือไม่ควรทำ เมื่อเราบอกกับผู้อื่น คำพูดของเรากลายเป็นคำแนะนำ (advice). I think the police should arrest hooligans. (opinion) I think you should talk to your teacher about it. (advice) G I T A L 4.0

present and future Opinions and advice (ความคิดเห็นและข้อเสนอแนะ) • ใช้ ought to และ ought not to โดยให้ความหมายเดียวกับ should และ shouldn’t. - Ought to ไม่ค่อยเป็นที่นิยมเมื่อเทียบกับ should และought to เป็นทางการมากกว่า โดยเฉพาะเมื่อใช้ในประโยคคำถามและประโยคปฏิเสธ I think she ought to talk to her teacher about it. G I T A L 4.0

present and future Opinions and advice (ความคิดเห็นและข้อเสนอแนะ) - Ought to ไม่มีในรูปของสรรพนามบุรุษที่ 3 ‘s’, และในการตั้งคำถามใช้ Ought ได้เลย โดยไม่ต้องใช้ do/does. You ought not to go. Ought we to tell the director? G I T A L 4.0

present and future Opinions and advice (ความคิดเห็นและข้อเสนอแนะ) • การใช้ think ในรูปประโยคปฏิเสธ ให้ใช้ว่า I don’t think + should แทนที่จะใช้รูปประโยคปฏิเสธที่ใช้ should และ ought to. I don’t think you should/ought to go. G I T A L 4.0

present and future Opinions and advice (ความคิดเห็นและข้อเสนอแนะ) • Had better ใช้ในการแสดงความเห็นที่หนักแน่น โดยจะใช้ในรูปย่อว่า Had I think you’d better talk to your teacher about it. We’d better not forget to turn off the computer! G I T A L 4.0

Exercise 1: Underline the correct word or phrase in each sentence. 1. Look at those clouds. I think it can/might/must rain. 2. This is impossible! It can’t be/mustn’t be/may not be the answer. 3. Well done! You may be/must be/might be very pleased! 4. I’ve no idea where Jane is. She could be/must be anywhere! 5. I suppose it’s possible. I might/can/must come to your party. G I T A L 4.0

Exercise 1: Underline the correct word or phrase in each sentence. 6. I’m not sure. I must not/may not be able to get there in time. 7. That can’t be/mustn’t be/may not be Tom. He hasn’t got a bike. 8. Anna isn’t here yet. She can be/must be on her way. 9. There’s someone at the door. It can be/could be the postman. 10. Sorry, I can’t come/may not come out tonight. I have to do my homework. G I T A L 4.0

Exercise 2: Rewrite each sentence using can, can’t, might or must, and beginning and ending as shown. 1. Sarah is really good at swimming. Sarah………. can swim really………well. 2. It’s possible that our team will win. Our team……………………………win. 3. I’m sure this is the right road. This…………………………………this right road. G I T A L 4.0

Exercise 2: Rewrite each sentence using can, can’t, might or must, and beginning and ending as shown. 4. I’m sure you work very hard! You…………………………………. very hard! 5. Polly isn’t allowed to come to our party. Polly…………………………………to our party. 6. It’s possible that I’ll see you tomorrow, but I’m not sure I……………………………………., but I’m not sure. G I T A L 4.0

Exercise 2: Rewrite each sentence using can, can’t, might or must, and beginning and ending as shown. 9. Excuse me, is it all right if I open the window? Excuse me,……………………………………..the window? 10. I suppose you’re Mrs. Pim. How do you do? You……………………………………….Mrs Pim. How do you do? G I T A L 4.0

Exercise 3: Decide whether each pair of sentences have a similar meaning, or whether they are different. Write S for same or D for different. 1. You’d better go You should go. …S… 2. You don’t have to press this button. You mustn’t press this button. …… 3. You should have a rest. You ought to have a rest. …… 4. You must be crazy! You should be crazy! …… 5. You must be here before You have to be here before …… G I T A L 4.0

Exercise 3: Decide whether each pair of sentences have a similar meaning, or whether they are different. Write S for same or D for different. 6. You mustn’t do that! You don’t have to do that! …… 7. You shouldn’t eat so much. You ought not to eat so much. …… 8. We have to work harder. We must work harder. …… 9. I’d better write my letters. I must write my letters. …… 10. I ought to leave now. I have to leave now. …… G I T A L 4.0

Exercise 4: Rewrite each sentence so that it has a similar meaning and contains the word in bold. 1. It would be a good idea for you to see a dentist. ought ………You ought to see a dentist…………………………………………………………. 2. It’s not necessary for us to go to school tomorrow. have ……………………………………………………………………………………………... G I T A L 4.0

Exercise 4: Rewrite each sentence so that it has a similar meaning and contains the word in bold. 3. I’m sure that isn’t Chai, because he’s in Paris. be ……………………………………………………………………………………………... 4. Perhaps Ann is at home. G I T A L 4.0

Exercise 4: Rewrite each sentence so that it has a similar meaning and contains the word in bold. 5. You ought to wear a warm coat today. had ……………………………………………………………………………………………... 6. It’s possible that I’ll be late. may G I T A L 4.0

Exercise 4: Rewrite each sentence so that it has a similar meaning and contains the word in bold. 7. I wouldn’t go skiing if I were you. think ……………………………………………………………………………………………... 8. It is forbidden to leave your bike here. can’t G I T A L 4.0

Exercise 5: Complete each sentence with one suitable modal auxiliary. 1. Soldiers……have……to obey orders. 2. I think you…………………. take your umbrella. 3. Sorry, I…………………. go now. I don’t want to be late. 4. I’m not sure, but I………………….be able to help you. 5. Lucy isn’t at home, so she………………….be on her way here. G I T A L 4.0

Exercise 5: Complete each sentence with one suitable modal auxiliary. 6. We…………………. better not leave any windows open. 7. It………………….be a star, it’s too bright. Perhaps it’s an alien spaceship! 8. I don’t………………….to go to work today. It’s a holiday. 9. Sorry, but I wasn’t………………….to finish all the work you gave me. 10. I think you………………….to ask your teacher for some advice. G I T A L 4.0

Exercise 6: Rewrite each sentence so that it does not contain the phrase in italics 1. If I were you, I’d take more exercise. …………I think you’d better/you should take more exercise…………….... 2. I expect the plane will land soon. ………………………………………………………………………………………… G I T A L 4.0

Exercise 6: Rewrite each sentence so that it does not contain the phrase in italics 3. You are not allowed to use a dictionary. ………………………………………………………………………………………… 4. It’s impossible for that to be Sandy. She’s abroad. G I T A L 4.0

Exercise 6: Rewrite each sentence so that it does not contain the phrase in italics 5. It’s possible that I’ll come to your party. ………………………………………………………………………………………… 6. It’s against the law to drop litter in the street. G I T A L 4.0

Exercise 6: Rewrite each sentence so that it does not contain the phrase in italics 7. It’s not necessary for you to wait. ………………………………………………………………………………………… 8. You’d better stay in bed today. G I T A L 4.0

Exercise 6: Rewrite each sentence so that it does not contain the phrase in italics 9. Perhaps I’ll see you at the end of the week. ………………………………………………………………………………………… 10. It’s very important for you to be here on time tomorrow. G I T A L 4.0

Exercise 6: Rewrite each sentence so that it does not contain the phrase in italics 11. Perhaps you should go to the dentist’s. ………………………………………………………………………………………… 12. I’m sure June feels very tired after her long journey. G I T A L 4.0

D I G I T A L 4.0 Modal verbs ENG M.2 Sem. 1 Grammar past
Ability (คำแสดงความสามารถ) • ใช้ could, couldn’t และ was able to, wasn’t able to เพื่อแสดงความสามารถที่เคยมีในอดีต. Jasmine could swim/was able to swim when she was ten. Louis couldn’t/ wasn’t able to ride a horse when he was younger. G I T A L 4.0

Ability (คำแสดงความสามารถ) • ใช้ was able to กับเหตุการณ์ในอดีตที่มีความเฉพาะเจาะจง When Jack fell in the river, Rose was able to rescue him. G I T A L 4.0

Certainty and uncertainty (ความแน่นอนและไม่แน่นอน) - ใช้ must/can’t/might/may/could + have + past participle กับเหตุการณ์ที่เกิดขึ้นอย่างไม่แน่นอนในอดีต You must have left your passport on the plane. (deduction: I’m sure you did) G I T A L 4.0

Obligation (เงื่อนไข) • ใช้ had to, didn’t have to, didn’t need to, needn’t have done กับเหตุการณ์ที่เป็นเงื่อนไขในอดีต และ คำว่า must ไม่มีในรูปอดีต When I was at school, we had to/didn’t have to wear a uniform. G I T A L 4.0

Obligation (เงื่อนไข) • ในบางครั้งมีข้อแตกต่างระหว่าง didn’t need to และ needn’t have done. I didn’t need to do any homework yesterday. (no homework was given) I needn’t have done any homework yesterday. (I did it, but it wasn’t necessary) G I T A L 4.0

Opinions and advice (ความเห็นและคำแนะนำ) • ใช้ should + have + past participle กับความเห็นที่เกิดขึ้นในอดีต • รูปแบบนี้แสดงการวิพากษ์วิจารณ์ว่า ‘I think that was wrong’. I think you should have worked harder. (you didn’t – I think that was wrong) You shouldn’t have eaten so much! (you did – I think that was wrong) G I T A L 4.0

Opinions and advice (ความเห็นและคำแนะนำ) - ใช้ ought to have done และ ought not to have done ในลักษณะเดียวกัน G I T A L 4.0

Exercise 7: For each question, complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first, using no more than three words. Contractions count as one word. 1. I’m sure you dropped your wallet at the bus stop. You……must have dropped……your wallet at the bus stop. 2. Maybe Joanna missed the last bus. Joanna…………………………………the last bus. 3. Peter knew how to skate when he was twelve. Peter………………………………… skate when he was 12. G I T A L 4.0

Exercise 7: For each question, complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first, using no more than three words. Contractions count as one word. 4. Cindy was wrong not to tell you the answer. Cindy…………………………………you the answer. 5. It wasn’t necessary for us to pay to get in. We…………………………………pay to get in. 6. I’m sure that Diana didn’t take your books. Diana…………………………………your books. G I T A L 4.0

Exercise 7: For each question, complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first, using no more than three words. Contractions count as one word. 7. Perhaps John didn’t notice you. John…………………………………noticed you. 8. Tim arrived early, but it wasn’t necessary. Tim…………………………………arrived early. 9. It wasn’t necessary for me to buy any food yesterday. I didn’t…………………………………any food yesterday. G I T A L 4.0

Exercise 7: For each question, complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first, using no more than three words. Contractions count as one word. 10. It was a bad idea for us to be rude to the policeman! We…………………………………been rude to the policeman! G I T A L 4.0

Exercise 8: Rewrite each sentence beginning as shown. Do not change the meaning. 1. You were wrong to study so late! You shouldn’t……have studied so late……! 2. Did you manage to stop him? Were……………………………………………………? G I T A L 4.0

Exercise 8: Rewrite each sentence beginning as shown. Do not change the meaning. 3. It wasn’t necessary to work hard. I didn’t……………………………………………………. 4. Perhaps Dan has lost his way. Dan might……………………………………………………. G I T A L 4.0

Exercise 8: Rewrite each sentence beginning as shown. Do not change the meaning. 5. It was possible for you to hurt yourself. You could……………………………………………………. 6. It would have been a good idea to tell me. You should……………………………………………………. G I T A L 4.0

Exercise 8: Rewrite each sentence beginning as shown. Do not change the meaning. 7. I’m sure the class enjoyed it. The class must……………………………………………………. 8. I helped her but it wasn’t necessary. I needn’t……………………………………………………. G I T A L 4.0

Exercise 9: Complete each sentence so that it contains the words in bold. 1. I’m completely soaked! We……Should have taken an umbrella……. Should/umbrella 2. I’ve lost my bag. I think I…………………………………………………… must/bus G I T A L 4.0

Exercise 9: Complete each sentence so that it contains the words in bold. 3. I tried to phone Sam, but I…………………………………………………… couldn’t/get through 4. I forgot Kimmy’s birthday. I…………………………………………………… should/present G I T A L 4.0

Exercise 9: Complete each sentence so that it contains the words in bold. 5. Cats don’t like fruit! You…………………………………………………… shouldn’t/orange 6. Jeff isn’t here yet. I suppose she…………………………………………………… might/address G I T A L 4.0

Exercise 9: Complete each sentence so that it contains the words in bold. 7. I did badly in the test. I …………………………………………………… ought/harder 8. It’s a shame we didn’t go on holiday. We…………………………………………… could/fun G I T A L 4.0

Exercise 10: Rewrite each sentence so it does not contain the words in italics 1. Luckily Anna managed to put out the fire before the fire engine arrived. Luckily Anna was able to put out the fire before the fire engine arrived 2. You were wrong to spend so much time on Question 1. ……………………………………………………………………………………………... G I T A L 4.0

Exercise 10: Rewrite each sentence so it does not contain the words in italics 3. I suppose the thief broke the window to get in. ……………………………………………………………………………………………... 4. You cleaned all the windows, which wasn’t necessary. G I T A L 4.0

Exercise 10: Rewrite each sentence so it does not contain the words in italics 5. I’m sure someone took the money from your coat. ……………………………………………………………………………………………... 6. It’s impossible, you didn’t see Ken because he was at home. G I T A L 4.0

Exercise 10: Rewrite each sentence so it does not contain the words in italics 7. At my school it wasn’t necessary for us to take lots of exams. ……………………………………………………………………………………………... 8. The bus left at 6.00am, so I needed to go to bed early. G I T A L 4.0

Exercise 10: Rewrite each sentence so it does not contain the words in italics 9. It’s possible that I left my keys at home, but I’m sure I had the when I left. ……………………………………………………………………………………………... 10. It would have been a good idea for us to stay at home! G I T A L 4.0

Exercise 11: Complete the sentence with “can”, “can’t”, “must” or “mustn’t”. 1. I’m very tired today. I_____________ clean my room. 2. It’s raining heavily. You_____________ take your umbrella. 3. A cat_____________ climb up a tree, but a dog _____________. 4. We_____________ pick the flowers in the park. 5. Tony is very short. He_____________ play basketball very well. G I T A L 4.0

Exercise 11: Complete the sentence with “can”, “can’t”, “must” or “mustn’t”. 6. We_____________ go to the bank today. We haven’t got any money. 7. We are very hungry, so we_____________ eat a lot of sandwiches. 8. Tourists _____________ take their passports when they go abroad. 9. Footballers _____________ touch the ball with their hands. 10. She is a small baby. She _____________ eat meat, but she ____________ drink milk. G I T A L 4.0

Exercise 12: Choose the correct one. 1. Drivers (could / must) stop when the traffic lights are red. 2. You (may not / needn’t) take your umbrella. It is not raining. 3. I have no time. I (must / may) leave now or I miss the bus. 4. (Might / could) you water my plants while I am away? 5. You don’t look well. You (could / should) see a doctor. G I T A L 4.0

Exercise 12: Choose the correct one. 6. Sarah is not at home. She (might / could) have gone to Paris, I don’t know. 7. There are plenty of tomatoes in the fridge. You (needn’t / mustn’t) buy any. 8. If you want to learn to speak English fluently, you (need / could) to work hard. G I T A L 4.0

Exercise 12: Choose the correct one. 9. Tom (can / must) play tennis quite well. I usually play with him every weekend. 10. “(Should / May) we go out tonight, please?” “Yes, but you (mustn’t / couldn’t) be late” G I T A L 4.0

Exercise 13: Complete the sentence with a suitable modal verb. 1. Ryan________________ come to our wedding, but we aren’t sure. 2. That dress is not expensive. I ________________ buy it. 3. My hands are very dirty. I ________________ wash them. 4. I’m sorry but we ________________ come to your party tomorrow. G I T A L 4.0

Exercise 13: Complete the sentence with a suitable modal verb. 5. ________________I buy the tickets for the concert? I can see you’re too busy. 6. You________________ not be so nervous. I think it will be very easy. 7. Sara ________________ not play the violin when she was five, but now she________________ play it very well. G I T A L 4.0

D 1 E 2 S E M N G ม. I G I T Passive Voice A L 4.0

D I G I T A L 4.0 Passive Voice ENG M.2 Sem. 1 Grammar Passive: form
โครงสร้างของ passive คือ be + past participle แสดงให้เห็นประโยคต่างๆ ดังตัวอย่างต่อไปนี้ • Present simple The Government builds hundreds of houses every year. Hundreds of houses are built every year. G I T A L 4.0

• Present continuous The authorities are questioning two men. Two men are being questioned by the authorities. G I T A L 4.0

• Present perfect We have chosen Helen as the new president. Helen has been chosen as the new president. G I T A L 4.0

• Past Simple The police arrested one protester. One protester was arrested. G I T A L 4.0

• Will They will play the match on Wednesday evening The match will be played on Wednesday evening G I T A L 4.0

• Object (กรรม) ในรูป active (hundreds of houses, two men, Helen) จะขยับไปอยู่ข้างหน้าใน passive sentence และกลายเป็น subject (ประธาน). G I T A L 4.0

D I G I T A L 4.0 Passive Voice ENG M.2 Sem. 1 Grammar Passive: การใช้
• Focus on important information (เน้นสิ่งที่มีความสำคัญ) Compare: (active) The Government built hundreds of houses last year. (passive) Hundreds of houses were built by the Government last year. G I T A L 4.0

• Focus on important information (เน้นสิ่งที่มีความสำคัญ) Active sentence: more emphasis on who did the action - the Government. Passive sentence: more emphasis on the thing affected by the action the number of houses G I T A L 4.0

• Focus on important information (เน้นสิ่งที่มีความสำคัญ) - ข้อความที่มีความสำคัญส่วนใหญ่จะอยู่หน้าประโยค G I T A L 4.0

• Spoken and written (ภาษาพูดและภาษาเขียน) - passive ใช้กับการเขียนที่เป็นทางการ โดยเฉพาะการเขียนเชิงวิทยาศาสตร์ ส่วนในภาษาพูดและการเขียนแบบทั่วไปก็ใช้ในรูปปกติ G I T A L 4.0

Using by and with (การใช้ by และ with) • The ‘agent’ (ผู้กระทำ) เป็นบุคคลหรือสิ่งที่เป็นผู้กระทำ โดยใช้ by + agent(ผู้กระทำ). Hundreds of houses were built last year. Hundreds of houses were built by the Government last year. A lot of stones were thrown. A lot of stones were thrown by angry football fans. G I T A L 4.0

Using by and with (การใช้ by และ with) • The ‘instrument’(เครื่องมือ) เป็นสิ่งที่ใช้ในการกระทำเหตุการณ์ โดยใช้ with + instrument(เครื่องมือ). The windows were broken with a baseball bat. G I T A L 4.0

Sentences without an agent (ประโยคที่ปราศจากผู้กระทำ) - ไม่จำเป็นต้องมีผู้กระทำเสมอไป เนื่องจากเหตุผลดังต่อไปนี้ 1 ไม่ทราบผู้กระทำ: Brenda’s motorbike was stolen last night. 2 ผู้กระทำเป็นที่รู้อยู่แล้ว: One protester was arrested. 3 ผู้กระทำไม่มีความสำคัญ: A lot of small cars are sold every year. G I T A L 4.0

Transitive and intransitive verbs (สกรรมกริยา และอกรรมกริยา) • กริยาที่มีกรรม เรียกว่า transitive verbs (สกรรมกริยา) (example: help). ในประโยคนี้ ‘the old lady’ ทำหน้าที่เป็นประธาน A young man helped the old lady across the road. • กริยาที่ไม่มีกรรม เรียกว่า intransitive verbs (อกรรมกริยา) (example: sit). Diane sits near the front of the class. G I T A L 4.0

• ใน Dictionaries จะเห็นตัวย่อที่แสดงถึง 2 ตัวนี้ คือ T หรือ I - มีเพียง transitive verb (สกรรมกริยา) ที่สามารถอยู่ในรูป Passive. The old lady was helped across the road by a young man. • กริยาบางตัวมีความหมาย่ได้ทั้ง transitive (สกรรมกริยา) และ intransitive (อกรรมกริยา) Diane walks to school (walk - intransitive) When she gets home, she walks the dog. (walk = ‘take for a walk’ - transitive) G I T A L 4.0

D I G I T A L 4.0 Passive Voice ENG M.2 Sem. 1 Grammar
Exercise 1: Underline the phrases which are not necessary in these sentences. Sometimes every phrase is every phrase being necessary. 1 My wallet has been stolen by someone. 2 We were taught by a different teacher yesterday. 3 Nick was taught by a different teacher yesterday. 4 We were shown round the museum by a guide. G I T A L 4.0

Exercise 1: Underline the phrases which are not necessary in these sentences. Sometimes every phrase is every phrase being necessary. 5 The meal was served on at the hospital by a doctor. 6 Yesterday a window was broken by someone. 7 Two letters were delivered this morning by the postman. 8 Three men have been arrested by the police. G I T A L 4.0

Exercise 2: Complete each sentence with a passive verb. 1 They’re rebuilding the damaged stadium. The damaged stadium 2 Millions of people watch this programme. This programme by millions of people. G I T A L 4.0

Exercise 2: Complete each sentence with a passive verb. 3 Somebody will meet you at the bus station. You at the bus station. 4 The police questioned George. George by the police. G I T A L 4.0

Exercise 2: Complete each sentence with a passive verb. 5 They’ve elected a new president. A new president 6 They’ve closed the mountain road. The mountain road G I T A L 4.0

Exercise 2: Complete each sentence with a passive verb. 7 The girls’ team won the cup last year. Last year the cup by the girls’ team. 8 A burglar stole my laptop. My laptop by a burglar. G I T A L 4.0

Exercise 2: Complete each sentence with a passive verb. 9 They will finish our new house at the end of the mouth. Our new house at the end of the month. 10 Students write most of this magazine. Most of this magazine by students. G I T A L 4.0

Exercise 3: Underline the errors in these sentences. Rewrite each sentence. 1 Many pet dogs are losing every year. ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2 The robber unlocked the door by a false key. G I T A L 4.0

Exercise 3: Underline the errors in these sentences. Rewrite each sentence. 3 A new bridge is being built across the river. ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 4 The injured man was being taken to hospital. G I T A L 4.0

Exercise 3: Underline the errors in these sentences. Rewrite each sentence. 5 Nothing will be being decided before next Saturday. ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 6 This book was writing by Sam’s father. G I T A L 4.0

Exercise 3: Underline the errors in these sentences. Rewrite each sentence. 7 The match is playing on Friday evening. ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 8 All the food at the party was ate. G I T A L 4.0

Exercise 4: For every question, complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first, using no more than three wards. 1 Picasso painted this portrait. This portrait …………………………………………… Picasso. 2 The President will open the new spots stadium on Saturday. The new sports stadium ……………………………………… by the President on Saturday G I T A L 4.0

Exercise 4: For every question, complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first, using no more than three wards. 3 Our company sells more than 1,000 cars every week. More than 1,000 cars ………………………………. our company every week. 4 They will announce the results of the competition tomorrow. The results of the competition ………………………………………. tomorrow. G I T A L 4.0

Exercise 4: For every question, complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first, using no more than three wards. 5 They’re building a new museum in the city centre. A new museum ………………………………………. in the city centre. 6 Archaeologists have discovered a new tomb in Egypt. A new tomb ……………………………………… by archaeologists in Egypt. G I T A L 4.0

Exercise 4: For every question, complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first, using no more than three wards. 7 They’re redecorating our school during the summer holidays. Our school ……………………………………… during the summer holidays. 8 The police in New York have arrested three terrorists. Three terrorists ………………………………………. In New York. G I T A L 4.0

Exercise 5: Rewrite each sentence so that it contains a passive verb, and so that the names of people are not mentioned. 1 Someone broke into the flat last night. ……………………………………………………………………………………… 2 The authorities have closed the casino. G I T A L 4.0

Exercise 5: Rewrite each sentence so that it contains a passive verb, and so that the names of people are not mentioned. 3 People have elected a new government. ……………………………………………………………………………………… 4 The city council has banned traffic the city centre. G I T A L 4.0

Exercise 5: Rewrite each sentence so that it contains a passive verb, and so that the names of people are not mentioned. 5 Someone left this purse in the classroom yesterday. ……………………………………………………………………………………… 6 The authorities have opened the new swimming pool. G I T A L 4.0

Exercise 5: Rewrite each sentence so that it contains a passive verb, and so that the names of people are not mentioned. 7 People all over the world speak English. ……………………………………………………………………………………… 8 The clubs have postponed the match. G I T A L 4.0

Exercise 6: Rewrite the sentences so that they contain a passive verb, where possible. Some sentences cannot be rewritten in this way. 1 Suddenly a strange red light appeared in the sky. ………………………………………………………………………………………….... 2 Two prisoners escaped from the jail yesterday evening. G I T A L 4.0

Exercise 6: Rewrite the sentences so that they contain a passive verb, where possible. Some sentences cannot be rewritten in this way. 3 Everyone in the class arrived on time yesterday. ………………………………………………………………………………………….... 4 A helicopter rescued the six survivors from the water. G I T A L 4.0

Exercise 6: Rewrite the sentences so that they contain a passive verb, where possible. Some sentences cannot be rewritten in this way. 7 They will publish her new book next year. ………………………………………………………………………………………….... 8 A policewoman found the two missing children in a local park. G I T A L 4.0

Verbs with two objects (กริยาที่มีกรรม 2 ตัว) • กริยาบางประเภทมีกรรม 2 ตัว (two objects). เช่น give, lend, offer, promise, sell, send, take something to somebody; buy, keep, make, prepare, save something for somebody. G I T A L 4.0

Verbs with two objects (กริยาที่มีกรรม 2 ตัว) • ในรูปประโยค active sentences เราใช้กริยาเหล่านี้ได้ 2 แบบ Peter gave Karen a present. Peter gave a present to Karen. - แต่ละแบบสามารถนำมาทำให้อยู่ในรูป Passive ได้ Karen was given a present by Peter. A present was given to Karen by Peter. • - รูปแบบกริยาที่ไม่มี too/for นิยมใช้มากทั้งในประโยค active และ passive sentences. G I T A L 4.0

D I G I T A L 4.0 Passive Voice ENG M.2 Sem. 1 Grammar To be born
To be born อยู่ในรูป passive form แต่ไม่ได้บอกความหมายในรูป passive อย่างชัดเจน I was born in Uruguay. G I T A L 4.0

Have something done • เมื่อผู้ชำนาญการทำงานบางอย่าง e.g. a mechanic, a plumber etc. ให้ใช้ have something done. โดยคำว่า Have ใช้กับรูปประโยคประเภทใดก็ได้ I was born in Uruguay. We had our house painted last year. I’m having my car serviced tomorrow. I’ve had my room decorated. G I T A L 4.0

Have something done • ใช้ get ในประโยคที่ไม่เป็นทางการที่ความหมายเหมือนกัน I’m getting my car serviced tomorrow. • การใช้ have something done ส่วน get ใช้กับเหตุการณ์ที่เป็น ที่น่าพอใจ She had her house broken into. Tim got his arm broken playing rugby. G I T A L 4.0

Passive + infinitive - กริยา believe, expect, know, report, say, think, suppose, understand มักจะใช้ในประโยค present simple passive ที่ตามด้วย infinitive (to do/to be doing) ซึ่งส่วนมากใช้กับการรายงานข่าว การบอกถึงเหตุการณ์ที่เกิดขึ้นในปัจจุบันหรืออนาคต G I T A L 4.0

Passive + infinitive The economy is expected to grow by 2% this year. The escaped prisoner is said to be living in South America. The new shopping centre is supposed to open next spring. G I T A L 4.0

Exercise 7: Underline the correct word or phrase in each sentence. 1 David has been offer/offering/offered a new job in Brazil. 2 The children were took/taken/taking to the seaside for the day. 3 I’m having my hair cutting/cut/to have cut tomorrow. 4 Kate is having her car services/servicing/serviced tomorrow. 5 Sue had her windows breaking/broken/broke by vandals. G I T A L 4.0

Exercise 7: Underline the correct word or phrase in each sentence. 6 I’ve just had my bike repaired/repair/repairing. 7 Where exactly where you born/did you born/did you bear? 8 This cake makes/made/was made for her birthday. 9 I was sending/sent/send here by the manager. 10 I was given/face/did give the book by Emily. G I T A L 4.0

Exercise 8: Rewrite each sentence beginning and ending as shown. Do not change the meaning. 1 What is your date of birth? When exactly ……………………………………………… born? 2 John lent me this book. This book …………………………………………….... John. G I T A L 4.0

Exercise 8: Rewrite each sentence beginning and ending as shown. Do not change the meaning. 3 We will send you a letter with your exam results. A letter ……………………………………………. to you with your exam results. 4 The dentist took out one of my teeth yesterday. Yesterday I ….………………………………………. out. G I T A L 4.0

Exercise 8: Rewrite each sentence beginning and ending as shown. Do not change the meaning. 5 Someone stole Bob’s bike. Bob ………………………………………………. bike stolen. 6 Someone broke into Tom’s house last week. Tom had ………………………………………………… last week. G I T A L 4.0

Exercise 8: Rewrite each sentence beginning and ending as shown. Do not change the meaning. 7 Cairo is my place of birth. I ……………………………………………………….in Cairo. 8 My parents gave me this ring. I ……………………………………………… parents. G I T A L 4.0

Exercise 8: Rewrite each sentence beginning and ending as shown. Do not change the meaning. 9 I’m keeping this bottle of wine for a special occasion. This bottle of the wine ………………………………… for a special occasion. 10 A rock concert ticket was sold to me by a friend. I was ………………………………………………… By a friend. G I T A L 4.0

Exercise 9: Rewrite each sentence so that it has a similar meaning and contains the word in bold. 1 They’re fitting our new carpet tomorrow. having ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2 They’re servicing my car tomorrow. G I T A L 4.0

Exercise 9: Rewrite each sentence so that it has a similar meaning and contains the word in bold. 3 They’ve just painted Ann’s portrait. had ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 4 Last years they painted our house. G I T A L 4.0

Exercise 9: Rewrite each sentence so that it has a similar meaning and contains the word in bold. 5 Yesterday they stole my bike. had ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 6 They’re taking out my tooth tomorrow! having G I T A L 4.0

Exercise 9: Rewrite each sentence so that it has a similar meaning and contains the word in bold. 7 They’ve just cut my hair. had ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… G I T A L 4.0

Exercise 10: Rewrite the first sentence as a news report using present simple passive + infinitive. 1 Everyone expects that Professor Jones will the Noble prize. Professor Jones ……………………………………………………. the Nobel prize. 2 People think the government is planning a new airport. The government ……………………………………………………. a new airport. G I T A L 4.0

Exercise 10: Rewrite the first sentence as a news report using present simple passive + infinitive. 3 Journalists report that the finance minister disagrees with the President. The finance minister …………………………………………. with the President. 4 They say he is making a new movie about the Civil War. He ………………………………………………… a new movie about the Civil War. I T A L 4.0

Exercise 10: Rewrite the first sentence as a news report using present simple passive + infinitive. 5 Lots of people believe the criminal is living abroad. The criminal ………………………………………………………………………... abroad. 6 Economists suppose that inflation will fall next year. Inflation …………………………………………………………………………………. next year. I T A L 4.0

Exercise 11: Put in the past participle of the verbs in bracket in these passive sentences. e.g. Our school was built (build) in 1951. 1. The thieves were ……………………. (catch) yesterday. 2. The prisoner will be severely …………………. (punish). 3. Those glasses must be ……………………. (wash) again. 4. Orchids are …………………. (grow) in tropical countries. I T A L 4.0

Exercise 11: Put in the past participle of the verbs in bracket in these passive sentences. 5. English is ………………… (speak) all over the world. 6. Two of the empty boxes have been (throw) away. 7. In Bangkok, many cars are (sell) everyday. 8. Has her mother been (tell) about the accident? 9. The front door should be (lock) every night. 10. The hut has been (blow) down. I T A L 4.0

D 1 E 2 S E M N G ม. I G I T Question tags A L 4.0

D I G I T A L 4.0 Question Tag ENG M.2 Sem. 1 Grammar
Question Tag เป็นวลีสั้นๆที่วางไว้ท้ายประโยค และกลายมาเป็นคำถาม รูปแบบของ tag question จะต้องใช้ กริยาช่วย (auxiliaries) เช่น do, be, have or a modal I T A L 4.0

ประโยคบอกเล่าโดยทั่วไปจะมีรูปแบบคำถามที่เป็นเชิงลบ (negative tag) และประโยคปฏิเสธจะมีรูปแบบคำถามเป็นเชิงบวก You speak French, don’t you? (negative tag) You don’t speak French, do you? (positive tag) I T A L 4.0

ตัวอย่างดังต่อไปนี้แสดงถึงการใช้ Positive tags และ Negative tags Present simple You don’t know the answer, do you? Present continuous We’re enjoying ourselves, aren’t we? Present perfect He’s move house, hasn’t he? Past simple You didn’t tell her, did you? Past continuous I wasn’t driving fast, was it? Past perfect She hadn’t met him then, had she? I T A L 4.0

can They can’t be here yet, can they? could You couldn’t give me a hand, could you? should You shouldn’t do that, should you? I T A L 4.0

ใช้ negative tags เพื่อให้ได้รับคำตอบที่เป็น yes A: You speak French, don’t you? B: Yes, that’s right, I do. I T A L 4.0

รูปแบบน้ำเสียงของคำถามนั้นอาจจะเป็นโทนเสียงสูงหรือเสียงต่ำ ถ้าเป็นโทนเสียงสูงก็จะเป็น real question นั่นคือผู้พูดไม่แน่ใจและต้องการข้อมูลเพิ่มเติม โดยคนอื่นๆจะพูดต่อไปตามมา. A: You speak French, don’t you? B: Yes, that’s right, I do. I learned while I lived in French when I was a student. I T A L 4.0

หากเป็นโทนเสียงต่ำ แสดงว่าเป็นเพียงประโยคคำถามที่ต้องการความแน่ใจ โดยผู้พูดบุรุษที่ 1 ต้องการตรวจสอบข้อมูลและดำเนินการพูดต่อไป A: You speak French, don’t you? B: Yes, that’s right, I do. A: Good, because we need someone to translate this which we’ve just received. I T A L 4.0

ใช้ positive tags เมื่อเราต้องการได้รับคำตอบที่เป็น no. โดยระดับโทนเสียงจะสูงต่ำใช้เหมือนกับใน negative tags A: You don’t speak French, do you? B: No, sorry, I don’t. I T A L 4.0

D I G I T A L 4.0 Question Tag ENG M.2 Sem. 1 Grammar Irregular tags
The tag ที่ใช้กับ I am คือ aren’t ในขณะที่ the tag ที่ใช้กับ let’s ก็คือ shall. I’m a fool, aren’t I? Let’s go to the cinema, shall we? I T A L 4.0

D I G I T A L 4.0 Question Tag ENG M.2 Sem. 1 Grammar Irregular tags
หลักการใช้ในประโยคคำสั่ง ใช้ will you? หรือ won’t you? Sit down, will you? Sit down, won’t you? ประโยคคำสั่งที่มี be ก็ใช้ will หรือ won’t. Be quiet, will you? Be quiet, won’t you? This is an order! ประโยคคำสั่งที่มี have ก็ใช้ will หรือ won’t. Have a seat, won’t you? I T A L 4.0

D I G I T A L 4.0 Question Tag ENG M.2 Sem. 1 Grammar Reply questions
ใช้รูปย่อในประโยคคำถามเพื่อตอบในสิ่งที่คนอื่นพูด เพื่อแสดงความสนใจ ความประหลาดใจ หรือ ความไม่แน่นอน โดยความหมายเหมือนกับคำว่า Really? หรือ Is that true? I’ve never eaten spaghetti.  Haven’t you? (surprise) I T A L 4.0

D I G I T A L 4.0 Question Tag ENG M.2 Sem. 1 Grammar Reply questions
We’re leaving at  Are we? (not surprise) คำถามที่ใช้ตอบโต้ ใช้กริยาช่วย (auxiliary verb) เช่น tag question แต่ไม่เปลี่ยนแปลงตามรูปแบบเชิงบวกหรือเชิงลบ I T A L 4.0

Indirect questions • ในการเริ่มต้นประโยคที่สุภาพยิ่งขึ้นสามารถบอกได้ว่า Could you tell me …? Do you know …? I T A L 4.0

Indirect questions • ลำดับคำของ indirect question เหมือนกับรูปประโยค แต่ไม่เหมือนกับ direct question. direct: Where is the post office? Indirect: Could you tell me where is the post office is? (NOT where I the post office) I T A L 4.0

Indirect questions Indirect: When does the film start? direct: Do you know when the film start? (NOT when does the film start) I T A L 4.0

Indirect questions • Yes/No question ใช้ if. direct: Is this the right street? indirect: Do you know if this is the right street? I T A L 4.0

Exercise 1: Add a short answer to each sentence. 1. Have you ever been to Brazil? No, ……….…. I haven’t………….……. 2. Are you coming to the match tomorrow? Yes, ………………………………………. 3. Has Fin got a brother? No, ………………………………………. 4. Do you like sausages? Yes, ………………………………………. 5. Has Tom done his homework? Yes, ………………………………………. I T A L 4.0

Exercise 1: Add a short answer to each sentence. 6. Con Peter and Kate skate? Yes, ………………………………………. 7. Will you be late? No, ………………………………………. 8. Is that your horse? Yes, ………………………………………. 9. Did Susan phone you today? No, ………………………………………. 10. Did Eva give you that book? No, ………………………………………. I T A L 4.0

Exercise 2: Add a reply question to each sentence. 1. We’ve got a test tomorrow. ………………Have we…………………? 2. Pym phone me last night. ………………………………………….. ? 3. I don’t like ice cream. ………………………………………….. ? 4. I haven’t eaten Chinese food. ………………………………………….. ? 5. Olive ha just had a baby. ………………………………………….. ? I T A L 4.0

Exercise 2: Add a reply question to each sentence. 6. I met Sunny in France. ………………………………………….. ? 7. Jim is leaving tomorrow. ………………………………………….. ? 8. There’s the police man at the door. ………………………………………….. ? 9. I don’t understand this sentence. ………………………………………….. ? 10. There isn’t any milk in a fridge. ………………………………………….. ? I T A L 4.0

Exercise 3: Add a tag question to each sentence. 1. We’re nearly there, ………aren’t we……….? 2. You haven’t got a spare pen, ……………………….? 3. Helen and Kitty live in Leeds, ……………………….? 4. You won’t be last, ……………………….? 5. Potter’s 15, ……………………….? I T A L 4.0

Exercise 3: Add a tag question to each sentence. 6. I shouldn’t tell you this, ……………………….? 7. You don’t feel well, ……………………….? 8. You like fish, ……………………….? 9. You’re coming to my party, ……………………….? 10. Adam’s bought a new bike, ……………………….? I T A L 4.0

Exercise 4: Make a new sentence with a tag question which has the same meaning as the first sentence, beginning as shown. Make any necessary changes. 1. I’m sure that Rick doesn’t like football. Rick ….………doesn’t like foot……………, ……………….…does he?..…………..…….. . 2. I don’t think that you’ve done your homework! You ………………………………………… , ………………………………………………….. . I T A L 4.0

Exercise 4: Make a new sentence with a tag question which has the same meaning as the first sentence, beginning as shown. Make any necessary changes. 3. I’m surprised to meet you and think that your name might be David. Your name ………………………………… , ………………………………………………….. . 4. You’re certain that you didn’t leave your wallet on the desk. I …………………………………………… , ………………………………………………….. . I T A L 4.0

Exercise 4: Make a new sentence with a tag question which has the same meaning as the first sentence, beginning as shown. Make any necessary changes. 5. I’m checking that you have got a sister. You ………………………………………… , ………………………………………………….. . 6. I’m surprised that the guests have arrived. The guests ….……………………………… , ………………………………………………….. . I T A L 4.0

Exercise 4: Make a new sentence with a tag question which has the same meaning as the first sentence, beginning as shown. Make any necessary changes. 7. I’m checking that your name is Tim. Your name ………………………………… , ………………………………………………….. . 8. I’m angry that you’re sat next to Nick! You ………………………………………… , ………………………………………………….. . I T A L 4.0

Exercise 5 : Underline the best sentence in each context. 1. Why did you forget your book? You are silly! a) I didn’t tell you to forget them, did I? b) I told you not to forget them, didn’t I? 2. If we go to Brazil, we might have problem with the language. a) You speak Portuguese, don’t you? b) You don’t speak Portuguese, don’t you? I T A L 4.0

Exercise 5 : Underline the best sentence in each context. 3. Well, Mr. Simpson, I think it’s time to told the police the truth. You see, we’ve found your fingerprints on the murder weapon. a) You don’t murder Lord Henesy, did you? b) You murdered Lord Henesy, didn’t you? 4. I told you to keep a party a secret. It’s supposed to be a surprise for Lilly. So, I just want to make sure. a) You don’t tell her, did you? b) You tell her, didn’t you? I T A L 4.0

Exercise 5 : Underline the best sentence in each context. 5. Ugh! I can’t believe it! I’m sure they must taste horrible! a) You like eating snails, don’t you? b) You don’t like eating snails, don’t you? 6. Only two minute to end of the match and United are still 5-1 in the lead. It looks certain now. a) United aren’t going to win, are they? b) United are going to win, aren’t they? I T A L 4.0

Exercise 6 : Rewrite each question, beginning as shown. Do not change the meaning. 1. What’s the time? Could you tell me …………………......………what the time is……………………………….. ? 2. How much dose this cost? Could you tell me ……………………………………………………………………………… ? I T A L 4.0

Exercise 6 : Rewrite each question, beginning as shown. Do not change the meaning. 3. Is the Trafalgar Square? Could you tell me ………………………………………………………………………………… ? 4. What dose the mean? Do you know …………………………………………………………………………………….. ? I T A L 4.0

Exercise 6 : Rewrite each question, beginning as shown. Do not change the meaning. 5. What time doe the museum open? Do you know …………………………………………………………………………………….. ? 6. Where’s Asham Street? I T A L 4.0

Exercise 6 : Rewrite each question, beginning as shown. Do not change the meaning. 7. Am I in the right seat? Could you tell me ………………………………………………………………………………… ? 8. When does the bus leave? Do you know …………………………………………………………………………………….. ? I T A L 4.0

Exercise 7: Choose the best answer. 1. Beauty is going to be last, …………b……………? a) isn’t it b) isn’t she c) doesn’t she 2. Could you tell me …………………………? a) where the bus station is b) where the bus station c) where is the bus station I T A L 4.0

Exercise 7: Choose the best answer. 3. “I’ve never learnt how to swim.” “………………………… ?” a) Haven’t you b) Have you c) Did you 4. Winston doesn’t come to this class anymore, …………………………? a) dose he b) doesn’t he c) won’t he I T A L 4.0

Exercise 7: Choose the best answer. 5. Male doesn’t like Chinese food, …………………………? a) doesn’t she b) does she c) does it 6. Do you know …………………………? a) has the film started b) if the film has started c) the film had started? I T A L 4.0

Exercise 7: Choose the best answer. 7. You won’t be late tomorrow, …………………………? a) won’t you b) won’t it c) will you 8. Most people here ………………………… quite friendly, don’t they? a) Seem b) behave c) are I T A L 4.0

Exercise 7: Choose the best answer. 9. Do you know …………………………? a) when leaves the train b) when does the train leave c) when the train leaves 10. Clearly, I’m wrong …………………………? a) isn’t it b) aren’t I c) am not I I T A L 4.0

Exercise 8: Fill in each blank with a question-tag. e.g. She can sing, can’t she? 1. The boy isn’t hungry, …………………………? 2. She hasn’t seen that movie, …………………………? 3. They have been to America, …………………………? 4. I should give her a ride home, …………………………? 5. Your brother can’t play the piano, …………………………? I T A L 4.0

Exercise 8: Fill in each blank with a question-tag. 6. The children are playing, …………………………? 7. He won’t tell the truth, …………………………? 8. You weren’t angry with me last night, …………………………? 9. You must leave now, …………………………? 10. I was very lucky, …………………………? I T A L 4.0

Exercise 9: Fill in each blank with a question-tag. e.g. Kate brushes her hair every day, doesn’t she? 1. Lisa lies cheese and butter, …………………………? 2. The workers always work hard, …………………………? 3. She doesn’t believe the story, …………………………? 4. You broke the window, …………………………? 5. Jimmy always writes neatly, …………………………? I T A L 4.0

Exercise 9: Fill in each blank with a question-tag. 6. They don’t come here often, …………………………? 7. Your parents don’t smoke, …………………………? 8. The girl sang well last night, …………………………? 9. Our students didn’t in the game, …………………………? 10. She met my uncle, …………………………? I T A L 4.0

Exercise 10: Change a statement into a question by putting a question-tag at the end of it. e.g. Mr. Paul came here Mr. Paul came here, didn’t he? I T A L 4.0

Exercise 10: Change a statement into a question by putting a question-tag at the end of it. 1. They were busy …………………………………………………………………………………………………… . 2. She will be here soon. I T A L 4.0

Exercise 10: Change a statement into a question by putting a question-tag at the end of it. 3. Lisa isn’t here this afternoon. …………………………………………………………………………………………………… . 4. We must go home now. I T A L 4.0

Exercise 10: Change a statement into a question by putting a question-tag at the end of it. 5. Your cousin collects coins. …………………………………………………………………………………………………… . 6. There wasn’t any food left. I T A L 4.0

Exercise 10: Change a statement into a question by putting a question-tag at the end of it. 7. You haven’t written to Nurse. …………………………………………………………………………………………………… . 8. They are in the hall right now. I T A L 4.0

Exercise 10: Change a statement into a question by putting a question-tag at the end of it. 9. They were busy …………………………………………………………………………………………………… . 10. Your cat has caught a rat. I T A L 4.0

Exercise 10: Change a statement into a question by putting a question-tag at the end of it. 11. I should post the letter at the post office. …………………………………………………………………………………………………… . I T A L 4.0

Exercise 11: Add a question-tag to each statement. Remember to put a question mark at the end. e.g. My father was there yesterday ………………………. My father was there yesterday, wasn’t he? I T A L 4.0

Exercise 11: Add a question-tag to each statement. Remember to put a question mark at the end. 1. He turned up very late, ………………………. 2. Your mother doesn’t drink tea, ………………………. 3. The girls will be coming, ………………………. 4. Your grandfather is tired, ………………………. 5. We must hurry, ………………………. I T A L 4.0

Exercise 11: Add a question-tag to each statement. Remember to put a question mark at the end. 6. She won’t go there alone, ………………………. 7. Your sister is quiet girl, ………………………. 8. I shall give this book to Tom, ………………………. 9. You don’t like dogs, ………………………. 10. The teacher had gone home, ………………………. I T A L 4.0

D ENG M.2 Sem. 1 I Grammar G Post Test แบบฝึกหัดหลังเรียน I T A L 4.0

D I G I T A L 4.0 Choose the correct answer. ENG M.2 Sem. 1 Grammar
1. She lost some of her _______ on the way back from Canada. a) luggage b) luggages c) the luggage d) the luggages ENG M.2 Sem. 1 I Grammar G I T A L 4.0

2. There are more than a thousand ________ on this farm. a) sheep b) sheeps c) the sheep d) the sheeps ENG M.2 Sem. 1 I Grammar G I T A L 4.0

3. The ________ are doing the exercise right now. a) student b) student’s c) students d) students’ ENG M.2 Sem. 1 I Grammar G I T A L 4.0

4. Some _________ came to arrest him. a) policemen b) policemans c) policemen d) policemen’s ENG M.2 Sem. 1 I Grammar G I T A L 4.0

5. Are there _________ cinemas in this city? I really want to go to the movies. a) some b) any c) much d) many ENG M.2 Sem. 1 I Grammar G I T A L 4.0

6. We are going to be late. There is too _______ traffic. a) many b) few c) much d) little ENG M.2 Sem. 1 I Grammar G I T A L 4.0

7. Can you bring soda to the picnic? I don’t have ________. a) some b) any c) much d) many ENG M.2 Sem. 1 I Grammar G I T A L 4.0

8. I have _________ cereal every morning. It is good for my health. a) some b) any c) a few d) many ENG M.2 Sem. 1 I Grammar G I T A L 4.0

9. It’s a great town. You ________ visit some day. a) could b) might c) should d) would ENG M.2 Sem. 1 I Grammar G I T A L 4.0

10. My dog ________ jump very high when he was younger. a) can b) may c) could d) might ENG M.2 Sem. 1 I Grammar G I T A L 4.0

11. You ________ eat plenty of vegetables if you want to be healthy. a) need b) could c) would d) should ENG M.2 Sem. 1 I Grammar G I T A L 4.0

12. They boys _________ wake up earlier than 7.30 am. They have class at 8.00 am. a) would b) can’t c) could d) have to ENG M.2 Sem. 1 I Grammar G I T A L 4.0

D I G I T A L 4.0 ENG M.2 Sem. 1 Choose the correct answer. Grammar
13. The roof of the building ________ in a storm a few days ago. a) damaged b) damaging c) was damaged d) was damaging I Grammar G I T A L 4.0

14. Those delicious chocolate muffins _____ by my grandmother. a) make b) made c) was made d) were made I Grammar G I T A L 4.0

15. All the books in that list ________ by our students. a) have read b) reading c) have been read d) were reading I Grammar G I T A L 4.0

16. The vegetables __________ before eating. a) wash b) have washed c) are washing d) have been washed I Grammar G I T A L 4.0

17. We often watch TV in the afternoon, _________? a) do we b) don’t we c) should we d) shouldn’t we I Grammar G I T A L 4.0

18. I believe you are just fourteen years old, ________? a) do you b) are you c) don’t you d) aren’t you I Grammar G I T A L 4.0

19. Your brother ________ like to talk much, does he? a) does b) is c) doesn’t d) isn’t I Grammar G I T A L 4.0

20. Your uncle goes jogging every day, _________? a) does he b) is he c) doesn’t he d) isn’t he I Grammar G I T A L 4.0

D I G I T A L 4.0 Noun ENG M.2 Sem. 1 Grammar • Change of meaning

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D I G I T A L 4.0 Noun ENG M.2 Sem. 1 Grammar • Change of meaning

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