Important Statistics BY Assist. Prof. Benchamat Laksaniyanon, Phd

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1 Important Statistics BY Assist. Prof. Benchamat Laksaniyanon, Phd
of North Texas, USA ผศ.ดร.เบญจมาส ลักษณิยานนท์ 2016

2 Who hate statistics!! Significant test Types of Statistics
Significant test & p-value Null hypothesis vs alternative/research hypothesis Type I & II errors Types of Statistics Descriptive statistics Inferential statistics ผศ.ดร.เบญจมาส ลักษณิยานนท์ 2016

3 Significant test & p-value
Significant level is defined as the degree of risk that the researcher set for testing or rejecting a null hypothesis when the null hypothesis is true (Salkind, 2011). .05 and .01 are also known as the rejection level or significant level (Howell, 2010). [If .05] expect that no more than 5 times out of 100 times will decide to keep the alternative (research) hypothesis and it is wrong. ผศ.ดร.เบญจมาส ลักษณิยานนท์ 2016

4 Hypotheses Null hypothesis (H0) Research (alternative) hypothesis (H1)
No difference [=] Research (alternative) hypothesis (H1) Difference [≠,<, >] Unknown --- two tails Known ---one tails Making Decision on H0 [hypothesis testing] The result of p-value ผศ.ดร.เบญจมาส ลักษณิยานนท์ 2016

5 Type I & II errors Null hypothesis (H0)
No difference [=] Research (alternative) hypothesis (H1) Difference [<, >] Unknown --- two tails Known ---one tails ผศ.ดร.เบญจมาส ลักษณิยานนท์ 2016

6 Type I & II errors ผศ.ดร.เบญจมาส ลักษณิยานนท์ 2016

7 Descriptive and Inferential Statistics
Population A parameter e.g. 𝜇=14 inferential statistics Sample A statistic e.g. 𝑥 =14 Descriptive statistics ผศ.ดร.เบญจมาส ลักษณิยานนท์ 2016

8 Descriptive and Inferential Statistics
descriptive statistics are used to describe the characteristics of the data set (its measure is called a statistic) while the inferential statistics are used to make inferences from the data set to the population (its measure is called a parameter) (Salkind, 2011). Similarly, Hinkle, Wiersma, and Jurs (2003) stated that both of them are as a collection of methods, but while descriptive statistics is used for classifying and summarizing numerical data, inferential statistics is used for making inferences the characteristics of the population from the corresponding characteristics of the sample. ผศ.ดร.เบญจมาส ลักษณิยานนท์ 2016

9 Do I have anything? Where does it come from?
What should I report? Do I have anything? Where does it come from? ผศ.ดร.เบญจมาส ลักษณิยานนท์ 2016

10 Good Report: Statistical significance & effect size
Do you have anything? Null Hypothesis Significance Testing (NHST). Reject the null hypothesis? The p-value is used as a criterion. The result from p-values obtained, however, is not enough for scholarly paper (Sun, Pan, & Wang, 2010). Where does it come from? Effect size must be reported also (Sun, Pan, & Wang, 2010; Henson, 2002). ผศ.ดร.เบญจมาส ลักษณิยานนท์ 2016

11 Results Improve to make it strong? In Data Analysis Part Topics
Data screening Missing data? Outliers? Required assumptions met? Main statistics used (Specifically) Right steps? Reliability & Validity? ผศ.ดร.เบญจมาส ลักษณิยานนท์ 2016

12 Analysis & Statistics Acknowledgment of [specific] statistics
(Examples) T-test Sample-population Independent variables Same variable ANOVA MANOVA ANCOVA Regression CCA DDA FA SEM HLM F = t2 ผศ.ดร.เบญจมาส ลักษณิยานนท์ 2016

13 See you again tomorrow for (fundamental) “Statistics”!
ผศ.ดร.เบญจมาส ลักษณิยานนท์ 2016