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จุดประสงค์การเรียนรู้ 1. รู้คำศัพท์เกี่ยวกับ เหตุและผล 2. เขียนเงื่อนไขความเป็นเหตุเป็น ผลได้ 3. เกิดทักษะกระบวนการคิด ด้าน สรุปอย่างสมเหตุสมผล 4. เขียนเรื่องสมมุติเกี่ยวกับตนเอง “If I am …, I will…” ได้อย่างสมเหตุสมผล สื่อนำเสนอ พัฒนาทักษะกระบวนการคิด ด้วยชุด กิจกรรมบูรณาการ กลุ่มสาระการเรียนรู้ภาษาต่างประเทศ ชั้น มัธยมศึกษาปีที่ 5 ชุดที่ 6 เรื่อง LOGIC 1
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สื่อนำเสนอ พัฒนาทักษะกระบวนการคิด ด้วย ชุดกิจกรรมบูรณาการ กลุ่มสาระการเรียนรู้ภาษาต่างประเทศ ชั้น มัธยมศึกษาปีที่ 5 ชุดที่ 6 เรื่อง 2
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Statement : Good students have good jobs. The conditional in if / then If they are good students, then they have good jobs. Logic is the mathematical principles that use existing theorems to prove new ones. ถ้าพวกเขาเป็นนักเรียนดี ดังนั้นพวก เขามีงานดี hypothesis สมมุติฐาน conclusion สรุป 6.1 LOGIC : IF / THEN CONDITIONAL STATEMENT 3
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FROMING CONDITIONAL STATEMENTS People who arrive on the time in if / then form 1. Find the two ideas. (1) people arrive on time (2) people get good seats 2. Decide which idea will be the hypothesis and which will be the conclusion. Hypothesis : people arrive on time Conclusion : people get good seats If people arrive on time, then they get good seats. ถ้าพวกเขามาถึงทันเวลา ดังนั้นพวกเขาได้ที่นั่งดี 4
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EXAMPLE: Write each conditional statement in if / then form. 1. A person who is 21 years old, then that person can vote. ANS : If a person is 21 years old, then that person can vote. ถ้าคนคนหนึ่งอายุ 21 ปี ดังนั้นคนนั้น สามารถออกเสียงเลือกตั้งได้ 2. The people on that basketball team are all over 6 ft tall. ANS : If people are on that basketball team, then those people are over 6 ft tall. ถ้าพวกเขาอยู่ในทีมบาสเกตบอลนั้น ดังนั้นพวกเขาสูงเกิน 6 ฟุต 5
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Exercise A 6.1 : Write each conditional statement in if / then form. 1.The jet flies to Belgium on Tuesday. ANS : If it is Tuesday, then the jet flies to Belgium. 2. The bank is closed on Sunday. ANS : If it is Sunday, then the bank is closed. 3. Jinny only goes swimming in water that is above 70˚. ANS : If Jinny is swimming, then the water is above 70˚. 6
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Exercise A 6.1 : Write each conditional statement in if / then form. 4. All the members of the varsity tennis team are seniors. ANS : If a person is a tennis team member, then the person is a senior. 5. A whole number that ends with a 2 is even. ANS : If a whole number ends with a 2, then the number is even. 6. A polygon with 3 sides is a triangle. ANS : If a polygon has 3 sides, then it is a triangle. 7
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Exercise A 6.1 : Write your own conditional statement in if / then form. (Answers will vary) 7. Water is sufficient for using wisely. ANS : If we use water wisely, then it is sufficient. 8
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switch When you switch ( เปลี่ยนทางเดิน ) the hypothesis and conclusion in a conditional statement it called the CONVERSE. ( ตรงกันข้าม ) has three sides Conditional : If a polygon has three sides, then it is a triangle. has three sides. Converse : If a polygon is a triangle, then it has three sides. ถ้ารูปเหลี่ยมมี 3 มุม ดังนั้นมัน มี 3 ด้าน 6.2 LOGIC : CONVERSE OF A CONDITIONL 9
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EXAMPLE : Write the converse of each conditional. in the seventh grade 1. If you are in the seventh grade, then you study algebra. in the seventh grade ANS : If you study algebra, then you are in the seventh grade. add 3 and 4 2. If you add 3 and 4, then you get a sum of 7. added 3 and 4 ANS : If you got a sum of 7, then you added 3 and 4. 10
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Exercise B 6.2 : Write the converse of each conditional multiplied 3 and 4 1. If you multiplied 3 and 4, then you got a product of 12. multiplied 3 and 4 ANS : If you got a product of 12,then you multiplied 3 and 4. ends with 1, 3, 5, 7, or 9 2. If an integer ends with 1, 3, 5, 7, or 9, then the integer is odd. ends in 1, 3, 5, 7, or 9 ANS : If an integer is odd, then it ends in 1, 3, 5, 7, or 9. 11
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Exercise B 6.2 : Write the converse of each conditional is 13 years old 3. If Kimberly is 13 years old, then she is too young to vote. is 13 years old ANS : If Kimberly is too young to vote, then she is 13 years old. X = 7 4. If X = 7, then X² = 49. X = 7 ANS : If X² = 49, then X = 7. measure less than 90 5. If an angle has a measure less than 90˚, then the angle is acute. measure less than ANS : If an angle is a acute, then it has a measure less than 90˚ 90˚. 12
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Exercise B 6.2 : Write your own the converse of each conditional. (Answer will vary) 6. If we plant many trees, then it relieves the Global Warming. ANS : If it relieves the Global Warming, then we plant many trees. 13
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6.3 LOGIC : NEGATIONS AND INVERSE OF A CONDITIONL Negate the hypothesis A “negation” of a given statement has the opposite truth value of the given statement. Statement : Five is an odd number. (true) Negation : Five is not an odd number. (false ) If 2 X = 8, then X = 4 Inverse : If 2 X ≠ 8, then X ≠ 4 กลับกัน Negate the conclusion 14
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EXAMPLE : Write the negation of each conditional. 1) 5 is grater than 4. ANS : 5 is not grater than 4. 2) We will go to the beach this summer. ANS : We will not go to the beach this summer. 15
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3) If an integer ends with 0, then it is a multiple of 10. ANS : If an integer does not end with 0, then it is not a multiple of 10. 4) If you live in Patumthani, then you live in Thailand. ANS : If you do not live in Patumthani, then you do not live in Thailand. EXAMPLE : Write the inverse of each conditional. 16
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Exercise C 6.3: Write the negation of each conditional 2. The donuts were eaten before noon. ANS : The donut were not eaten before noon. 3. The playground will close at sundown. ANS : The playground will not close at sundown. 4. Those two lines form an angle. ANS : Those two lines form do not an angle. 1. A rectangle has four sides. ANS : A rectangle has not four sides. 17
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Exercise C 6.3: Write the inverse of each conditional 7. If you pass all your courses, then you will graduate. ANS : If you do not pass all your courses, then you will not graduate. 8. If two lines intersect, then they from four angles. ANS : If two lines do not intersect, then they do not from four angles. 5. If today is Tuesday, then tomorrow is Wednesday. ANS : If today is not Tuesday, then tomorrow is not Wednesday. 6. If I am in Seattle, then I am in the state of Washington. ANS : If I am not in Seattle, then I am not in the state of Washington. 18
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Exercise C 6.3 : Write your own the negation of each conditional. (Answer will vary) 9) Man can change the environment. ANS : Man can not change the environment. : Write your own the inverse of each conditional. (Answer will vary) 10) If man can change the environment, then the environment have effect on man. ANS : If man can not change the environment, then the environment do not have effect on man. 19
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Negate the Negate the hypothesis conclusion LOGIC : CONTRAPOSITIVE OF A CONDITIONAL is divisible by 2 Conditional : If a number is even, then the number is divisible by 2. divisible by 2. If a number is not even, the number is not divisible by 2. divisible by 2 If a number is not divisible by 2, then the number is not even. 6.4 LOGIC : CONTRAPOSITIVE OF A CONDITIONL 20
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EXAMPLE : Write the contrapositive of each conditional. divisible by 6 1.If a number is divisible by 6, then it is divisible by 3. divisible by 6. ANS: If a number is not divisible by 3, then it is not divisible by 6. paralleldo not intersect. 2. If two lines are parallel, then they do not intersect. parallel. ANS: If two lines intersects, then they are not parallel. 21
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Exercise d 6.4 : Write the contrapositive of each conditional 1. If 3X = 6, then X = 2 ANS : If X ≠ 2, then 3X = 6. 2. If X ≠ 3, then 2X ≠ 6 ANS : If 2X =6, then X = 3. 3. If Bill is over 13 years old, then he buys an adult ticket. ANS : If Bill does not buy an adult ticket, then he is not over 13 years old. 4. If an angle has a measure of 90˚, then the angle is a right angle. ANS : If an angle is not a right angle, then it does not have a measure of 90˚. 5. If a pentagon has five equal sides, then it is equilateral. ANS : If a pentagon is not equilateral, then it does not have five equal sides. 22
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Exercise D 6.4 Exercise D 6.4 : Write your own the negation of each conditional. (Answer will vary) 6. If we promote recycling in school, then we can control pollution. ANS : If we can not control pollution, then we do not promote recycling in school. Exercise E 6.5 Exercise E 6.5 : Write an essay “If I am …, I will …” (The essay will vary, for example) If I am an architect, I will create and build a new modern construction. Because I will be a good architect that always think about the environment. The building that it I built will save energy. It can reduce pollution. I will name my building “Grow Green Global”. Because I like green color and trees. Grow Green Global will have many windows for nature wind and light. I will grow many kinds of trees around it. The garden will reduce the heat from the sun. But now I am a student, I will try my best in order to have a seat in a university. I will follow Iddhipada 4 : basic of success. In the future, my dream will come true. 23
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