Information Systems Opportunities and Challenges

งานนำเสนอเรื่อง: "Information Systems Opportunities and Challenges"— ใบสำเนางานนำเสนอ:

1 Information Systems Opportunities and Challenges
ระบบสารสนเทศ โอกาส และ ความท้าทาย Information Systems Opportunities and Challenges ผศ. ดร. สมนึก คีรีโต ภาควิชาวิศวกรรมคอมพิวเตอร์ คณะวิศวกรรมศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยเกษตรศาสตร์ฟ อีเมล์ โฮมเพจ S. Keretho/IT for Organization

2 S. Keretho/IT for Organization
เนื้อหา เนื้อหาใน 4 บทแรก เน้นเรื่อง รากฐานของระบบสารสนเทศเพื่อองค์กร Organizational Foundations of Information Systems บทที่ 1 ระบบสารสนเทศ โอกาส และความท้าทาย กรณีศึกษา การใช้ระบบสารสนเทศเพื่อองค์กร ระบบสารสนเทศ คือ อะไร บทบาทใหม่ๆ ของระบบสารสนเทศในองค์กร ความท้าทายของระบบสารสนเทศ: มุมมองของผู้บริหาร S. Keretho/IT for Organization

3 กรณีศึกษา: New Business Opportunities
ธุรกิจ ของบริษัท 7-Eleven ในญี่ปุ่น A customer-focused orientation based on information technology: e.g. POS-TPS, Just-in-time, and Data Mining ห้างสรรพสินค้า First mail-order catalogue (โดย Montgomery Ward & Co.) The Catalog Site A World-Wide-Web electronic mall Most organization need information systems, not just to survive, but to excel (prosper). S. Keretho/IT for Organization

4 IS helped the 7-Eleven company to
Increase sales by meeting customers’ demands, knowing exactly what the customer want and when. Reduce costs by maintaining low inventory levels. Increase quality of products. Create alliances with suppliers. Reduce costs by negotiating high quality products at low prices with suppliers. Reduce costs by optimally utilizing shelf space, knowing when certain products are demanded during the day. Increase productivity by electronically tracking employee performance. Concentrate on its core business, which is a true convenience store operation. S. Keretho/IT for Organization

5 Annual Surveys conducted by Datamation
Research conducted in that the most important role of IS’s to support organization in their attempts to Increase productivity (reduce cost, increase effectiveness). Improve quality. Create competitive advantage. Attain company’s strategy. Reorganize and reengineer. Make better and more effective decisions. Respond quickly to customer needs and to changes in the business or its environment. Access a wealth of information. Improve creativity and innovation. Let’s call them Critical Response Activities. S. Keretho/IT for Organization

6 Challenges and Opportunities
Information Systems: Challenges and Opportunities Business Challenges Management Information Technology Information System Business Solutions Organization S. Keretho/IT for Organization

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BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT GLOBALIZATION INDUSTRIAL ECONOMIES TRANSFORMATION OF ENVIRONMENT S. Keretho/IT for Organization

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GLOBALIZATION MANAGEMENT & CONTROL COMPETITION IN WORLD MARKETS GLOBAL WORK GROUPS GLOBAL DELIVERY SYSTEMS S. Keretho/IT for Organization

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TRANSFORMATION KNOWLEDGE-BASED ECONOMIES PRODUCTIVITY NEW PRODUCTS & SERVICES KNOWLEDGE AS AN ASSET TIME-BASED COMPETITION SHORTER PRODUCT LIFE TURBULENT ENVIRONMENT LIMITED EMPLOYEE KNOWLEDGE BASE S. Keretho/IT for Organization

10 TRANSFORMATION OF ENTERPRISE
FLATTENING DECENTRALIZATION FLEXIBILITY LOCATION INDEPENDENCE LOW TRANSACTION COSTS EMPOWERMENT COLLABORATIVE WORK S. Keretho/IT for Organization

11 KNOWLEDGE- AND INFORMATION-INTENSE PRODUCTS
PRODUCTS THAT REQUIRE A GREAT DEAL OF LEARNING & KNOWLEDGE TO PRODUCE S. Keretho/IT for Organization

12 LABOR FORCE COMPOSITION 1900-1992
60 50 40 Blue Collar 44.9 30 Farm 37.5 % OF THE LABOR FORCE White Collar 17.6 20 10 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1992 S. Keretho/IT for Organization Source: Laudon & Loudon 1997

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SYSTEM INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT FEEDBACK S. Keretho/IT for Organization

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FUNCTIONS OF AN INFORMATION SYSTEM ENVIRONMENT Customers Suppliers ORGANIZATION INFORMATION SYSTEM INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT FEEDBACK Regulatory Stockholders Competitors Agencies S. Keretho/IT for Organization

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INFORMATION SYSTEMS ORGANIZATIONS TECHNOLOGY INFORMATION SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT S. Keretho/IT for Organization

16 Approaches to Information Systems
TECHNICAL APPROACHES COMPUTER SCIENCE OPERATIONS RESEARCH MANAGEMENT SCIENCE MIS SOCIOLOGY POLITICAL SCIENCE PSYCHOLOGY BEHAVIORAL APPROACHES S. Keretho/IT for Organization

17 SYSTEM INTERDEPENDENCE
HARDWARE BUSINESS Strategy Rules Procedures SOFTWARE DATABASE TELE-COMMUNICATIONS ORGANIZATION INFORMATION SYSTEM S. Keretho/IT for Organization

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SCOPE OF INFO SYSTEMS 1950s: TECHNICAL CHANGES 60s-70s: MANAGERIAL CONTROL 80s-90s: INSTITUTIONAL CORE ACTIVITIES Growing Importance S. Keretho/IT for Organization

19 NEW OPTIONS FOR ORGANIZATIONAL DESIGN
FLATTENING ORGANIZATIONS SEPARATING WORK FROM LOCATION INCREASING FLEXIBILITY REFINING ORGANIZATIONAL BOUNDARIES ELECTRONIC COMMERCE REORGANIZING WORK FLOWS * S. Keretho/IT for Organization

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VIRTUAL ORGANIZATION MANUFACTURING COMPANY DESIGN COMPANY CORE COMPANY SALES & MARKETING COMPANY LOGISTICS COMPANY FINANCE COMPANY S. Keretho/IT for Organization

21 CHALLENGE OF INFO SYSTEMS
STRATEGIC: COMPETITIVE & EFFECTIVE GLOBALIZATION: MULTINATIONAL INFO INFO ARCHITECTURE: SUPPORT GOALS INVESTMENT: VALUE OF INFORMATION RESPONSIBILITY & CONTROL: ETHICS * S. Keretho/IT for Organization

22 WHAT YOU CAN DO ON THE INTERNET
COMMUNICATE & COLLABORATE ACCESS INFORMATION DISCUSSIONS OBTAIN INFORMATION ENTERTAINMENT BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS S. Keretho/IT for Organization

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