ดาวน์โหลดงานนำเสนอ
งานนำเสนอกำลังจะดาวน์โหลด โปรดรอ
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OBJECTIVE 1. เพื่อให้นักศึกษาทราบขอบข่ายของ วิชาพยาธิวิทยา 2. เพื่อให้นักศึกษาทราบศัพท์ที่ใช้ บ่อยในวิชาพยาธิวิทยา 3. เพื่อให้นักศึกษาทราบชนิดสิ่งส่ง ตรวจต่างๆทางพยาธิ - วิทยา
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Introduction to Pathology Pathology ( พยาธิวิทยา ) Pathos + logos The Study of Disease Pathologist ( พยาธิแพทย์ )
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Definition The branch of medicine that deals with the nature of disease and its pathogenesis; specifically, the structural and functional changes produced by injury to cells, tissue, organs or the entire organism.
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Disease ( โรค ) A departure from health or absence of comfort; specifically, a particular destructive process with a cause and pathogenesis (known or unknown), usually involving tissue changes and characteristic symptoms, signs and course.
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Injury ( ภยันตราย ) A stimulus which damages cells, tissues, or organs; many different types. Physical – chemical - biological agents Bigger, smaller, proliferate, or die
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Lesion ( รอยโรค ) An abnormality in an organ or tissue; the result of an injury or damage; may result in impairment or loss of function Morphological changes
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Etiology ( สมุฏฐานวิทยา ) Etiology ( สมุฏฐานวิทยา ) ( วิชาว่า ด้วยสาเหตุของโรค ) The cause of a disease; can be genetic or acquire
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Pathogenesis ( พยาธิ กำเนิด ) The process or series of steps by which a cause produces a disease; mechanism 1 2 3 disease
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Symptom ( อาการ ) A subjective indication of disease; what a patient feels or notices
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Sign ( อาการแสดง ) An objective indication or symptom of disease; what an observer sees or can measure
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Complication ( อาการแทรก ซ้อน ) A second disease or abnormal condition occurring during the course of primary disease
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Cause of Death The name of a disease, abnormality, trauma or poisoning leading directly or indirectly to death
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Manner of Death NASHU- natural, accident, suicide, homicide, undetermined. The way in which death is caused.
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Diagnosis ( การ วินิจฉัยโรค ) Dia = between, gnosis = to know The act or process of deciding the nature of a disease condition by a careful examination of the symptoms and signs; also, the decision or opinion based on that examination
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Differential diagnosis ( การพิเคราะห์แยกโรค ) A list of possible diagnoses
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Prognosis ( การพยากรณ์ โรค ) A forecast, a prediction of probable course of a disease and a chance of recovery.
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Type of Pathology 1.General Pathology deals with types and mechanisms of diseases 2.Systemic Pathology deals with organ and system pathology 3.Anatomical Pathology: cytopathology, surgical pathology, autopsy pathology
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Type of Pathology (cont.) 4. Clinical Pathology blood bank, chemistry, coagulation and hematopathology etc 5. Forensic Pathology medicolegal pathology (investigations, inspections, autopsy, toxicology)
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SPECIMENS IN PATHOLOGY 1.Surgical specimen - Organs (whole or part of ) - Tissue from biopsy - Excisional biopsy - Incisional biopsy
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Fixation Fixatives 1. 10% buffered formalin 2. Alcohol 3. Zenker’s solution 4. Bouin ‘s solution etc.
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STAINING Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) Basophilic and Acidophilic
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HANDLING OF TISSUE - Tissue transfer - Fresh - Fixed - Avoid crushing, cauterization - Better avoid using gauze - Small tissue - fix immediately
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HANDLING OF TISSUE (cont.) - Glass, plastic, metal containers, plastic bag plastic bag - Delayed - refrigerator at 4 C - Fresh tissue for frozen section
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SPECIMENS IN PATHOLOGY (cont. ) 2. Cytological specimen - Exfoliative cytology (cervico-vaginal smear or pap smear, fluid from cavity) (cervico-vaginal smear or pap smear, fluid from cavity) - Fine needle aspiration (FNA)
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SPECIMENS IN PATHOLOGY (cont. ) 3. Autopsy specimen - Whole body - Organs or tissue
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SPECIAL TECHNIQUES IN SURGICAL PATHOLOGY 1. Special stains 2. Enzyme histochemistry 3. Tissue culture 4. Histometry 5. X-ray microanalysis 6. Electron microscopy 7. Immunohistochemistry - immunoperoxidase
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SURGICAL PATHOLOGY AND PATHOLOGIST - Clinical correlation - Time and change - PATHOLOGIST - rich background in clinical medicine
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ROLE OF PATHOLOGIST - Benign or malignant - Extent of diseases - Adequacy of excision - Comment, therapy - Prognosis - Conferences
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