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CHAPTER 18 BJT-TRANSISTORS
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Function of Transistors
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Main Applications of Transistors
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BIPOLAR JUNCTION TRANSISTORS (BJTs)
BJT is constructed with three doped semiconductor regions separated by two pn junction There are three regions : Emitter Base Collector There are two type of BJT: npn pnp
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Basic construction of BJT
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การป้อนไฟให้กับ Transistor แบบ BJT
AC bias ป้อนสัญญาณไฟกระแสสลับ DC bias ป้อนสัญญาณไฟกระแสตรง กระตุ้นให้ BJT อยู่ในช่วงทำงานได้ แม้สัญญาณ input AC จะอยู่ในช่วง ติดลบ ขา BE: Forward bias ขา BC: Reverse bias Q-point อยู่ในช่วงใช้งาน Active Region
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Transistor DC Biasing The BE junction is forward-biased
The BC junction is reverse-biased (Vbase ( B ) > Vemitter ( E) ) (Vbase ( B ) < Vemitter ( E) ) (Vcollector ( C ) > Vbase ( B ) ) (Vcollector ( C ) < Vbase ( B ) )
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Transistor Operation
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DC current gain Alpha and Bata
The Collector current is equal to times the emitter current The collector current is equal to the base current multiplied by has a value between 0.950 and 0.995 has a value between 20 and 200
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Transistor Voltages (DC bias)
2 Voltage Sources
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Transistor Voltages (DC bias)
Voltage divider Sources Use only a single dc source to provide forward-reverse bias to the transistor Resistor R1 and R2 form a voltage divider that provides the base bias voltage
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Transistor Voltages (DC bias)
Voltage divider Sources
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Input Resistance at the Base
Voltage divider Sources
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Base Voltage V
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THE BIPOLAR JUNCTION TRANSISTOR AS AN AMPLIFIER
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THE BIPOLAR JUNCTION TRANSISTOR AS AN AMPLIFIER
When both junction are forward-biased, the transistor is in the saturation region of its operation When VCE exceeds 0.7 V, the base-collector junction becomes reverse-biased and the transistor goes into the active or linear region When IB=0 the transistor is in the cutoff region
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Load Line Operation Load Line: VCE vs IC
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Quiescent or Q-Point
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Quiescent or Q-Point Load Line AC Sources DC Sources IB = 400 uA
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Signal Operation on the Load Line
Q-point ต่ำเกินไป จ่าย IB น้อยเกินไป Q-point สูงเกินไป จ่ายไปให้ IB มากเกินไป Q-point เหมาะสม ค่ากำลังขยาย beta มากเกินไป
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BJT Transistor AC Amplifier
Class A วงจรทำงานตลอดเวลา full cycle of AC input signal (360o) Class B วงจรทำงาน half cycle หยุด half cycle (180o) Class C วงจรทำงานน้อยกว่า half cycle (< 180o)
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BJT Transistor AC Amplifier: Class A
ขยายสัญญาณได้ 3 แบบ Common Base Amplifier (CB): Voltage Amp. Common Emitter Amplifier (CE): Power Amp. Common Collector Amplifier (CC): Current Amp.
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การวิเคราะห์การขยายสัญญาณ AC (i/p)
ใช้ Equivalent Circuit มาเป็นตัวแทน BJT (AC model) Simple model Hybrid Π model h parameter model
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Simple Model (small signal analysis)
BJT ( npn type) Simple model C E C E B B
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Simple Model ถ้าโจทย์ไม่ให้ = Dynamic AC resistance ที่ขา E-B
Parameter in BJT equivalent circuit ถ้าโจทย์ไม่ให้ = Dynamic AC resistance ที่ขา E-B = Dynamic AC resistance ที่ขา C-B = ค่าสูงมากระดับ MΩ ถ้าโจทย์ไม่ให้
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Amplifier Gain Calculation Process
Calculating DC bias DC current and voltage in DC bias circuit Checking load line and Q-point Calculating AC amplifier gain re’ from IE(DC) Voltage gain (AV) = Current gain (Ai) = Power gain (AP) = AV Ai
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Common Base Amplifier ( CB Amp )
BJT B vin vOUT E C B Simple model for AC small signal analysis
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CB Amp. Circuit Vcc
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Common Base Amplifier ( CB Amp )
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Common Emitter Amplifier ( CE Amp )
B C BJT E vin vOUT B C E Simple model for AC small signal analysis
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CE Amp. Circuit without CE
Vcc R1 R2
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Common Emitter Amplifier ( CE Amp: no CE )
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Common Emitter Amplifier ( CE Amp: no CE )
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CE Amp. Circuit with CE Vcc
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Common Emitter Amplifier ( CE Amp: with CE from E-GND )
Higher voltage gain
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Common Emitter Amplifier ( CE Amp: with CE from E-GND )
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Common Collector Amplifier ( CC Amp )
Common Emitter Amplifier B E BJT C vin vOUT B E C Simple model for AC small signal analysis
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CC Amp. Circuit Vcc
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Common Collecter Amplifier ( CC Amp)
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Common Emitter Amplifier (CC Amp)
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THE BJT AS A SWITCH Conditions in cutoff Conditions in saturation
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BJT PARAMETERS AND RATINGS
IF the temperature goes up, goes up, and vice versa.
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BJT PARAMETERS AND RATINGS
Maximum Transistor Ratings PD(max) = maximum power dissipation
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